재일한인 북한송환과 관련한 일본의 일방적 결정에 대한 한국 측 견해
THE KOREAN MISSION IN JAPAN
Tokyo
Tokyo
February 25, 1959
Korean Opinion on the Japan's Unilateral Decision on the So-called Group Repatriation to "north Korea" of Korean Residents in Japan
CONTENTS
Page
1. Excerpt from the Text of Answers by President Rhee to Press Questions, February 11, 1959 and February 20, 1959 ..... 1
2. Excerpt from Answers of Foreign Minister Cho to U. P. I. Questions, dated February 19, 1959 ..... 5
3. Gist of Mission's Note Verbale to the Japanese Foreign Ministry, dated February 13, 1959 ..... 7
4. Japan's Violation of a Written Agreement (Explanatory Remarks) ..... 10
5. Press Release by Minister Yiu, February 10, February la, February 16 and February 25, 1959 ..... 12
6. "Status of Koreans" by Minister Yiu, dated December 27, 1958 ..... 27
7. "The Detainee issue" by Minister Yiu, dated January 3, 1959 ..... 32
February 11, 1959
Excerpt From the text of the question submitted by AFP and the Answer 'thereto by president Rhee on the Problem of the So-called "Group Repatration" by Japan of Korean Residents in Japan
Question. Now that the Japanese Government has formally decided to send to north Korea those Korean residents in Japan desiring to go there, how will this action affect the ROK -Japan relations as well as the ROK -Japan normalization conference now under way?
Answer. Not very long ago in history, the Japanese thought they could unilaterally decide what could be done not only in their own country, but anywhere in Asia. Finally, they reached the point where they thought they could tell the United States what to do. That ended the era of Japan's self-elected superiority and mastery, and it is a period which is never going to return.
At the beginning of the Korea -Japan Conference last year, we hoped that the Japanese had changed, and that they were ready to make such amends as they could for the wrongs committed during the 40-Year occupation of Korea. We believed that they would return Korean art treasures, ancient books, the gold reserve, shipping tonnage, and other properties taken from this country. Had they done so, the Korean Government would have gone to our people with assurances that the Japanese had reformed, were sincere, and wanted to live with us in peace and good neighborliness.
But nothing has been done, except some talk about what the Japanese might do if we gave them something in return. Japan 's attitude has almost seemed to reflect some idea that Korea wronged Japan instead of the reverse. Yet all the world knows that in our hundreds of years of relations with Japan, we never committed an neighborly or Unfriendly act. All the hostility and aggression has come from the Japanese side.
Frankly, we have been solely disappointed at the lack of progress in the Korea -Japan negotiations, we had expected quick results, because Japan insisted upon its sincerity and because Prime Minister Notusuke Kishi said, among other things, that Japan wanted to make amends to Korea. Unfortunately, Japan has shown no interest in anything except elimination of the Peace Line and return of its fishing boats to our coastal waters. Now the talks themselves are jeopardized by Japan 's threats to send Koreans into communist slavery, and to do so unilaterally and in violation of agreements previously made with us.
Who are these Koreans that Japan wants to dispatch to territory held by an aggressive, illegal regime that the Japanese Government does not recognize? For the most part, they were taken to Japan by that country's Government as forced labourers during the Japanese war against the United States. Altogether, some two million Koreans were forced to go to Japan and its occupied areas, and many of them remain unaccounted for. Some have died and some have returned to the Republic of Korea, but only between 600,000 and 700,000 of them remain in Japan.
Japan, which treated these Koreans like slaves or even cattle, now talks of humanitarianism as the motive for sending 100,000 or more of them to communist-occupied north Korea. Yet the Japanese have not shown humanitarianism in their own treatment of the Korean residents. No compensation has been paid for Japan's wartime crimes against them. In the last 12 years, between 1500 and 2000 of them-- including some illegal residents--were imprisoned in Japanese concentration camps' without change or trial were confined over a period of several years, and some died a result of neglect, poor treatment, and brutality. women and children were included among the prisoners.
It is strange that those guilty of such inhumane actions should be suddenly concerned humanitarianism. We cannot help but wonder if
the real reason is not Japanese hope that they can get rid of these abused, downtrodden people without paying a cent of compensation.
Korea cannot believe that friendly free world governments and neighbors are going to permit Japan to carry out this deportation of people who are nationals of the Republic of Korea and subject to its sovereignty. Nor do we think that Japan will be allowed to cheat these individuals of what is rightfully theirs. But with or without such international support, Korea will never stand idly by and see such injustice done to its own people. We should not be deserving of our nationhood, if we did so.
CONTENTS
Page
1. Excerpt from the Text of Answers by President Rhee to Press Questions, February 11, 1959 and February 20, 1959 ..... 1
2. Excerpt from Answers of Foreign Minister Cho to U. P. I. Questions, dated February 19, 1959 ..... 5
3. Gist of Mission's Note Verbale to the Japanese Foreign Ministry, dated February 13, 1959 ..... 7
4. Japan's Violation of a Written Agreement (Explanatory Remarks) ..... 10
5. Press Release by Minister Yiu, February 10, February la, February 16 and February 25, 1959 ..... 12
6. "Status of Koreans" by Minister Yiu, dated December 27, 1958 ..... 27
7. "The Detainee issue" by Minister Yiu, dated January 3, 1959 ..... 32
February 11, 1959
Excerpt From the text of the question submitted by AFP and the Answer 'thereto by president Rhee on the Problem of the So-called "Group Repatration" by Japan of Korean Residents in Japan
Question. Now that the Japanese Government has formally decided to send to north Korea those Korean residents in Japan desiring to go there, how will this action affect the ROK -Japan relations as well as the ROK -Japan normalization conference now under way?
Answer. Not very long ago in history, the Japanese thought they could unilaterally decide what could be done not only in their own country, but anywhere in Asia. Finally, they reached the point where they thought they could tell the United States what to do. That ended the era of Japan's self-elected superiority and mastery, and it is a period which is never going to return.
At the beginning of the Korea -Japan Conference last year, we hoped that the Japanese had changed, and that they were ready to make such amends as they could for the wrongs committed during the 40-Year occupation of Korea. We believed that they would return Korean art treasures, ancient books, the gold reserve, shipping tonnage, and other properties taken from this country. Had they done so, the Korean Government would have gone to our people with assurances that the Japanese had reformed, were sincere, and wanted to live with us in peace and good neighborliness.
But nothing has been done, except some talk about what the Japanese might do if we gave them something in return. Japan 's attitude has almost seemed to reflect some idea that Korea wronged Japan instead of the reverse. Yet all the world knows that in our hundreds of years of relations with Japan, we never committed an neighborly or Unfriendly act. All the hostility and aggression has come from the Japanese side.
Frankly, we have been solely disappointed at the lack of progress in the Korea -Japan negotiations, we had expected quick results, because Japan insisted upon its sincerity and because Prime Minister Notusuke Kishi said, among other things, that Japan wanted to make amends to Korea. Unfortunately, Japan has shown no interest in anything except elimination of the Peace Line and return of its fishing boats to our coastal waters. Now the talks themselves are jeopardized by Japan 's threats to send Koreans into communist slavery, and to do so unilaterally and in violation of agreements previously made with us.
Who are these Koreans that Japan wants to dispatch to territory held by an aggressive, illegal regime that the Japanese Government does not recognize? For the most part, they were taken to Japan by that country's Government as forced labourers during the Japanese war against the United States. Altogether, some two million Koreans were forced to go to Japan and its occupied areas, and many of them remain unaccounted for. Some have died and some have returned to the Republic of Korea, but only between 600,000 and 700,000 of them remain in Japan.
Japan, which treated these Koreans like slaves or even cattle, now talks of humanitarianism as the motive for sending 100,000 or more of them to communist-occupied north Korea. Yet the Japanese have not shown humanitarianism in their own treatment of the Korean residents. No compensation has been paid for Japan's wartime crimes against them. In the last 12 years, between 1500 and 2000 of them-- including some illegal residents--were imprisoned in Japanese concentration camps' without change or trial were confined over a period of several years, and some died a result of neglect, poor treatment, and brutality. women and children were included among the prisoners.
It is strange that those guilty of such inhumane actions should be suddenly concerned humanitarianism. We cannot help but wonder if
the real reason is not Japanese hope that they can get rid of these abused, downtrodden people without paying a cent of compensation.
Korea cannot believe that friendly free world governments and neighbors are going to permit Japan to carry out this deportation of people who are nationals of the Republic of Korea and subject to its sovereignty. Nor do we think that Japan will be allowed to cheat these individuals of what is rightfully theirs. But with or without such international support, Korea will never stand idly by and see such injustice done to its own people. We should not be deserving of our nationhood, if we did so.
- The end -
February 20, 1959
Excerpt From the Text of the Answers of President Rhee to Questions Submitted by Briggs, New York Herald Tribune Correspondent, as Reported on February 20, 1959, on the "Group Repatriation" by Japan of Korean Residents in Japan
Question. How do you feel about Japan's proposed repatriation of
Korean residents to communist north Korea ?
Answer. Korea's feelings already have been made manifest in government statements and, more especially, in the demonstrations being conducted by millions of Korean people. Against this cruel and inhumane Japanese intention, our people are united exactly as they were when the communists came crashing across the 38th parallel in the invasion of 1950.
Korea and its United Nations allies did not fight the Korean War so that our people can be thrown into the slave pits of the communists. If Japan has any interest in the peace of Asia, it will understand the strength of our feelings and desist from its present course.
Fundamentally, our position is based upon belief that it is a violation of every democratic principle, everything for which the Free World stands, to send anyone to communism. The Japanese have cited the Declaration of Human Rights in support of its deportation conspiracy. This is naked hypocrisy, because the Declaration stipulates an absolute and continuing free choice of domicile, and it also prohibits the enslavement of human beings.
All the world knows that if these Koreans were handed over to the communists, this freedom of choice would end not only with regard to place of residence, but in all other aspects of living. Furthermore, they would become forced labor slaves in the communists brutal system of communes.
It is unfortunate that the press of the west should have picked up the Japanese propaganda word "repatriation." There can be no repatriation to a regime which is not recognized by the Free World and with which Korea and a large number of democratic nations remain in de facto state of war.
Furthermore, even on a basis of geography, this cannot be construed as repatriation, because an overwhelming majority of the residents come from the south. The Japanese chose this word for its emotional Values. This is deportation, not repatriation. because it is illegal, inhumane, and a violation of agreements solemly entered into with Japan. This country will never consent to it.
Question. How do you feel about Japan's proposed repatriation of
Korean residents to communist north Korea ?
Answer. Korea's feelings already have been made manifest in government statements and, more especially, in the demonstrations being conducted by millions of Korean people. Against this cruel and inhumane Japanese intention, our people are united exactly as they were when the communists came crashing across the 38th parallel in the invasion of 1950.
Korea and its United Nations allies did not fight the Korean War so that our people can be thrown into the slave pits of the communists. If Japan has any interest in the peace of Asia, it will understand the strength of our feelings and desist from its present course.
Fundamentally, our position is based upon belief that it is a violation of every democratic principle, everything for which the Free World stands, to send anyone to communism. The Japanese have cited the Declaration of Human Rights in support of its deportation conspiracy. This is naked hypocrisy, because the Declaration stipulates an absolute and continuing free choice of domicile, and it also prohibits the enslavement of human beings.
All the world knows that if these Koreans were handed over to the communists, this freedom of choice would end not only with regard to place of residence, but in all other aspects of living. Furthermore, they would become forced labor slaves in the communists brutal system of communes.
It is unfortunate that the press of the west should have picked up the Japanese propaganda word "repatriation." There can be no repatriation to a regime which is not recognized by the Free World and with which Korea and a large number of democratic nations remain in de facto state of war.
Furthermore, even on a basis of geography, this cannot be construed as repatriation, because an overwhelming majority of the residents come from the south. The Japanese chose this word for its emotional Values. This is deportation, not repatriation. because it is illegal, inhumane, and a violation of agreements solemly entered into with Japan. This country will never consent to it.
- The end -
February 19, 1959
Excerpt from the Answers by Foreign Minister Chung W. Cho to the Questions by United Press International foreign Minister Chung W. Cho said, in answers to the questions cabled from Tokyo by United press International on February 19, 1959, that the Japanese decision to send Korean residents in Japan to communist north Korea was the "last straw."
The Foreign Minister continued, "To prevent this (repatriation), the Korean Government will first exhaust every peaceful means that can be found.
If the Japanese do not desist, then they and they alone will be clearly to blame for anything that may happen.
The Minister indicated strongly, however, that there would be little chance of the issue being solved unless Japan withdraws its decision to send to north Korea those Korean residents who wish to go.
We have tried with sincerity and in every way that was open to us (to promote good relations with Japan )," he said.
The harvest that we reaped was that of the Japanese announcement that would send as many as a hundred thousand of our people to the communists.
It would see futile to try further until the Japanese show some signs of accepting and recterceating our good intentions."
Although he said that peaceful means should be used, the Foreign Minister also said that the next move was "entirely up to Japan " and that "it is obvious that ordinary diplomatic channels will have exhausted their usefulness."
Foreign Minister Cho objected to the use of the word "repatriation" in connection with the return to north Korea and claimed that Japan deliberately chose the word "to cover up the fact that the fate of the Koreans would be forced labor in the horrible communes that communism is establishing."
He said that Korea was "deeply shocked that Japan could demonstrate such intransigence and willingness to commit a warlike act against Korean" when the two Governments were discussing their problems in overall negotiations.
He gave several reasons why Japan probably made the repatriation decision at a time when plenary negotiations were scheduled to resume.
Japan hoped to use the repatriation issue to extract concessions from Korea.
Japan hoped to get rid of a "substantial number" of Koreans without paying them compensation for years of "forced labor and the other cruelties inflicted upon them."
Japan hoped to win trade favor with the Chinese and north Korean communists.
The Foreign Minister accused Japan of allowing communist agents to "cruelly deceive and bribe" thousands of Korean residents in Japan into signifying their desire to go to north Korea. He said that discrimination against Koreans in Japan made them an "easy prey" for Communism and its a▣...▣s.
UnIess Japan withdraws the repatriation plan, he said, not only Korea -Japan relations "but, the very peace of Asia " would be jeopardized.
He denied that Korea ever considered conferences between the two nations as a bargaining table.
We have asked nothing more than that Japan right some of the wrongs growing out of the 40-year occupation," he said, "and that is wrongs growing out of the 40-year occupation," he said.
Gist of Mission's Note Verbale to the Japanese Foreign Ministry, dated February 19,1959
the Korean Mission in Japan delivered a Note Verbale to the Japanese Foreign Ministry on February 13, 1959, the gist of which is as follows:
1. the Korean Mission made it clear on numerous occasions to the Japanese Foreign Ministry that the Korean Government is strongly opposed to any Koreans in Japan being allowed to go to the northern part of Korea which is now under unlawful occupation by communist aggressors. Soon after Japanese Foreign Minister Fujiyama made a statement at the House of Counsellors on January 29, 1959, the Korean Mission repeatedly made strong request that the Ministry discard its plan on the "repatriation" of Korean residents in Japan to north Korea. It is deeply regretted that the Ministry has failed to show any sign to reconsider the plan but, on the contrary, claimed that its plan was based on a "humanitarian consideration" and the "freedom of choice of residence. "
2. In this connection, the Mission invites the Ministry's attention to the fact that the so-called group repatriation movement is a most malicious political plot initiated, for the purpose or wrecking the current overall talks and deteriorating the existing relations between Korea and Japan, by the communist regime in the north in collaboration with some Japanese elements who are opposed to see an early settlement of outstanding problems between the two countries.
The north Korean communist have been trying to obtain slave-manpower which had run short, especially since millions of Koreans there fled to the south seeking freedom. They are giving empty promises to the impoverished Korean residents in Japan that they would be given jobs, houses, etc., if they come to north Korea. Monetary bribes and other means of pressure are being employed by the communists to get signatures for the so-called pleafor-repatriation list. These facts clearly prove that the so-called group repatriation movement has been of purely political motive. As the Ministry is fully aware, hundreds of thousands of Koreans were for cibly taken to Japan to serve for Japan, and after the end of World War II, a large number of them returned to the Republic of Korea, and about 600,000 Koreans settled down in Japan. These people have mercilessly been abandoned by Japan as their services were no longer needed.
In view of the special background of their settlement in Japan, it is more than natural that the Government of Japan should accord them proper treatment enabling them to live a stabilized life as human beings.
Thus, the plan to "repatriate" these Korean residents to north Korea cannot but be regarded as an attempt of Japan to get rid of as many Korean residents in Japan as possible under the guise of
humanitarianism. Such a "repatriation" cannot escape to be labeled as an extremely inhumane act, for it, amounts to a virtual expulsion or Koreans out of Japan without paying any ▣men▣s for the intolerable sufferings inflicted upon them by Japan that brought them to Japan to serve for its own purpose.
The Government of the Republic of Korea has the right and responsibility to protect its nationals within and without, and it keeps any Koreans from proceeding to north Korea which is under unlawful occupation by communist aggressors, where people are placed under a complete slave system. About 95% of the 600,000 Korean residents in Japan are from the southern part of Korea where their families and relatives are still living. The Korean Government will accept the repatriation to the Republic of Korea of Korean residents in Japan if necessary conditions are met by the Japanese Government.
3. The Goverment of the Republic of Korea is the only lawful Government of Korea as was recognized by the United Nations as such. Although the Ministry appears to be claiming that this matter should be dealt with separately from the 4th Korea -Japan overall talks, any unilateral disposition by the Japanese Government of any problems concerning the status and treatment of the Korean residents would be a flagrant violation of one of the written agreements signed by the representatives of the two Governments on December 31, 1957.
The Mission can hardly understand the reason why the Ministry is suddenly contemplating, at the time when the overall talks are about to be resumed, to turn over Korean residents to the hands of communists in the north, in disregard of the sovereignty of the Republic of Korea, in violation of the written agreement, and by committing an inhumane act. The Government of Japan should realize that it is breaking off the overall talks by such actions.
As the Republic of Korea is virtually in the state of war with north Korean puppet regime the sending of Korean residents in
Japan to north Korea will result in giving aid to the enemy of the Republic of Korea, and, therefore, it is an act extremely unfriendly to the Republic of Korea aid detrimental to her national secuirity.
Japan Violated the Relevant Term of a Written Agreement Signed between the Government of the Republic of Korea and Japan in Having Wide Unilateral Decsion on the So-called Group Repatriation Problem.
Japan claims that the problem on the so-called group repatriation problem is a separate matter from the 4th Korea -Japan Conference. But Japan's unilateral decision to allow Korean residents to leave Japan for the northern part of Korea constitutes a flagrant violation of one of the written agreements signed between the Korean Government and the Government of Japan on December 31, 1957."
Both the Republic of Korea and Japan agreed on agenda items of the 4th Korea -Japan Conference by virtue of the written agreement under reference. According to the agreement, the status and treatment of Korean residents in Japan are to be discussed and settled at the 4th Korea -Japan Conference.
In order to discuss and settle problems on the status and treatment of Korean residents in Japan, a specific committee named the "Committee on Legal Status of Korean Residents in Japan " has been established and functioning as a subsidiary body of the 4th Korea -Japan Conference. In fact, the problems on Korean residents in Japan were under discussion at the committee until the conference went into temporary recess at the latter part of December,1958 The written agreement also provides among other things, status of Korean residents in Japan property right acquired
Korean residents and property to be taken away by "repatriating"
Koreans are to be items for discussion and settlement at the 4th
Korea -Japan. Conference.
In this conncetion it is recalled that Korean residents are, and have been "repatriating" to the Repubic of Korea individually upon mutual consent between the two Governments The established rule thereon was that, if any Korean resident in Japan expresses his desire to "repatriate" to the Republic of Korea, the Korean Mission in Japan issues a certificate of identity as a travel document to facilitate his trip from Japan to the Republic of Korea and then, the Japanese Goverment affixes an exit visa to the certificate of identity issued by the Korean Mission in Japan. Thus, there has not been any case of repatriation of Korean residents which has been carried out without consent between the two Governments.
With regard to the Japanese decision to unilaterally repatriate Korean residents to the northern part of Korea, Japan has never consulted with the Korean Government at the relevant committee of the 4th Korea -Japan Conference in total disregard of the agreement under reference. It should also be noted that as for property to be taken away by "repatriating" Koreans, the discussion and settlement thereon is yet to be made at the relevant committee of the Conference. Japan should realize that she is depriving Korean residents of their acquired rights including property right in pursuing her unilateral decision on the so-called group repatriation of Korean residents to the northern part of Korea.
It is concluded, that the Japanese Claim that the problem now at issue is a separate matter from the Korea -Japan Conference is entirely out of the question further that the Japanese unilateral decision is a clear-out violation of the relevant terms of one of the agreements signed on December 31, 1957'.
The Foreign Minister continued, "To prevent this (repatriation), the Korean Government will first exhaust every peaceful means that can be found.
If the Japanese do not desist, then they and they alone will be clearly to blame for anything that may happen.
The Minister indicated strongly, however, that there would be little chance of the issue being solved unless Japan withdraws its decision to send to north Korea those Korean residents who wish to go.
We have tried with sincerity and in every way that was open to us (to promote good relations with Japan )," he said.
The harvest that we reaped was that of the Japanese announcement that would send as many as a hundred thousand of our people to the communists.
It would see futile to try further until the Japanese show some signs of accepting and recterceating our good intentions."
Although he said that peaceful means should be used, the Foreign Minister also said that the next move was "entirely up to Japan " and that "it is obvious that ordinary diplomatic channels will have exhausted their usefulness."
Foreign Minister Cho objected to the use of the word "repatriation" in connection with the return to north Korea and claimed that Japan deliberately chose the word "to cover up the fact that the fate of the Koreans would be forced labor in the horrible communes that communism is establishing."
He said that Korea was "deeply shocked that Japan could demonstrate such intransigence and willingness to commit a warlike act against Korean" when the two Governments were discussing their problems in overall negotiations.
He gave several reasons why Japan probably made the repatriation decision at a time when plenary negotiations were scheduled to resume.
Japan hoped to use the repatriation issue to extract concessions from Korea.
Japan hoped to get rid of a "substantial number" of Koreans without paying them compensation for years of "forced labor and the other cruelties inflicted upon them."
Japan hoped to win trade favor with the Chinese and north Korean communists.
The Foreign Minister accused Japan of allowing communist agents to "cruelly deceive and bribe" thousands of Korean residents in Japan into signifying their desire to go to north Korea. He said that discrimination against Koreans in Japan made them an "easy prey" for Communism and its a▣...▣s.
UnIess Japan withdraws the repatriation plan, he said, not only Korea -Japan relations "but, the very peace of Asia " would be jeopardized.
He denied that Korea ever considered conferences between the two nations as a bargaining table.
We have asked nothing more than that Japan right some of the wrongs growing out of the 40-year occupation," he said, "and that is wrongs growing out of the 40-year occupation," he said.
Gist of Mission's Note Verbale to the Japanese Foreign Ministry, dated February 19,1959
the Korean Mission in Japan delivered a Note Verbale to the Japanese Foreign Ministry on February 13, 1959, the gist of which is as follows:
1. the Korean Mission made it clear on numerous occasions to the Japanese Foreign Ministry that the Korean Government is strongly opposed to any Koreans in Japan being allowed to go to the northern part of Korea which is now under unlawful occupation by communist aggressors. Soon after Japanese Foreign Minister Fujiyama made a statement at the House of Counsellors on January 29, 1959, the Korean Mission repeatedly made strong request that the Ministry discard its plan on the "repatriation" of Korean residents in Japan to north Korea. It is deeply regretted that the Ministry has failed to show any sign to reconsider the plan but, on the contrary, claimed that its plan was based on a "humanitarian consideration" and the "freedom of choice of residence. "
2. In this connection, the Mission invites the Ministry's attention to the fact that the so-called group repatriation movement is a most malicious political plot initiated, for the purpose or wrecking the current overall talks and deteriorating the existing relations between Korea and Japan, by the communist regime in the north in collaboration with some Japanese elements who are opposed to see an early settlement of outstanding problems between the two countries.
The north Korean communist have been trying to obtain slave-manpower which had run short, especially since millions of Koreans there fled to the south seeking freedom. They are giving empty promises to the impoverished Korean residents in Japan that they would be given jobs, houses, etc., if they come to north Korea. Monetary bribes and other means of pressure are being employed by the communists to get signatures for the so-called pleafor-repatriation list. These facts clearly prove that the so-called group repatriation movement has been of purely political motive. As the Ministry is fully aware, hundreds of thousands of Koreans were for cibly taken to Japan to serve for Japan, and after the end of World War II, a large number of them returned to the Republic of Korea, and about 600,000 Koreans settled down in Japan. These people have mercilessly been abandoned by Japan as their services were no longer needed.
In view of the special background of their settlement in Japan, it is more than natural that the Government of Japan should accord them proper treatment enabling them to live a stabilized life as human beings.
Thus, the plan to "repatriate" these Korean residents to north Korea cannot but be regarded as an attempt of Japan to get rid of as many Korean residents in Japan as possible under the guise of
humanitarianism. Such a "repatriation" cannot escape to be labeled as an extremely inhumane act, for it, amounts to a virtual expulsion or Koreans out of Japan without paying any ▣men▣s for the intolerable sufferings inflicted upon them by Japan that brought them to Japan to serve for its own purpose.
The Government of the Republic of Korea has the right and responsibility to protect its nationals within and without, and it keeps any Koreans from proceeding to north Korea which is under unlawful occupation by communist aggressors, where people are placed under a complete slave system. About 95% of the 600,000 Korean residents in Japan are from the southern part of Korea where their families and relatives are still living. The Korean Government will accept the repatriation to the Republic of Korea of Korean residents in Japan if necessary conditions are met by the Japanese Government.
3. The Goverment of the Republic of Korea is the only lawful Government of Korea as was recognized by the United Nations as such. Although the Ministry appears to be claiming that this matter should be dealt with separately from the 4th Korea -Japan overall talks, any unilateral disposition by the Japanese Government of any problems concerning the status and treatment of the Korean residents would be a flagrant violation of one of the written agreements signed by the representatives of the two Governments on December 31, 1957.
The Mission can hardly understand the reason why the Ministry is suddenly contemplating, at the time when the overall talks are about to be resumed, to turn over Korean residents to the hands of communists in the north, in disregard of the sovereignty of the Republic of Korea, in violation of the written agreement, and by committing an inhumane act. The Government of Japan should realize that it is breaking off the overall talks by such actions.
As the Republic of Korea is virtually in the state of war with north Korean puppet regime the sending of Korean residents in
Japan to north Korea will result in giving aid to the enemy of the Republic of Korea, and, therefore, it is an act extremely unfriendly to the Republic of Korea aid detrimental to her national secuirity.
Japan Violated the Relevant Term of a Written Agreement Signed between the Government of the Republic of Korea and Japan in Having Wide Unilateral Decsion on the So-called Group Repatriation Problem.
Japan claims that the problem on the so-called group repatriation problem is a separate matter from the 4th Korea -Japan Conference. But Japan's unilateral decision to allow Korean residents to leave Japan for the northern part of Korea constitutes a flagrant violation of one of the written agreements signed between the Korean Government and the Government of Japan on December 31, 1957."
Both the Republic of Korea and Japan agreed on agenda items of the 4th Korea -Japan Conference by virtue of the written agreement under reference. According to the agreement, the status and treatment of Korean residents in Japan are to be discussed and settled at the 4th Korea -Japan Conference.
In order to discuss and settle problems on the status and treatment of Korean residents in Japan, a specific committee named the "Committee on Legal Status of Korean Residents in Japan " has been established and functioning as a subsidiary body of the 4th Korea -Japan Conference. In fact, the problems on Korean residents in Japan were under discussion at the committee until the conference went into temporary recess at the latter part of December,1958 The written agreement also provides among other things, status of Korean residents in Japan property right acquired
Korean residents and property to be taken away by "repatriating"
Koreans are to be items for discussion and settlement at the 4th
Korea -Japan. Conference.
In this conncetion it is recalled that Korean residents are, and have been "repatriating" to the Repubic of Korea individually upon mutual consent between the two Governments The established rule thereon was that, if any Korean resident in Japan expresses his desire to "repatriate" to the Republic of Korea, the Korean Mission in Japan issues a certificate of identity as a travel document to facilitate his trip from Japan to the Republic of Korea and then, the Japanese Goverment affixes an exit visa to the certificate of identity issued by the Korean Mission in Japan. Thus, there has not been any case of repatriation of Korean residents which has been carried out without consent between the two Governments.
With regard to the Japanese decision to unilaterally repatriate Korean residents to the northern part of Korea, Japan has never consulted with the Korean Government at the relevant committee of the 4th Korea -Japan Conference in total disregard of the agreement under reference. It should also be noted that as for property to be taken away by "repatriating" Koreans, the discussion and settlement thereon is yet to be made at the relevant committee of the Conference. Japan should realize that she is depriving Korean residents of their acquired rights including property right in pursuing her unilateral decision on the so-called group repatriation of Korean residents to the northern part of Korea.
It is concluded, that the Japanese Claim that the problem now at issue is a separate matter from the Korea -Japan Conference is entirely out of the question further that the Japanese unilateral decision is a clear-out violation of the relevant terms of one of the agreements signed on December 31, 1957'.
Tokyo, Feb. 13, 1959.
Tokyo, February 10, 1959,
PRESS RELEASE
Republic of Korea Minister Yiu Tai Ha today denounced Japan's tentative decision to send some thousands of Koreans living here to "certain slavery in north Korea " as an act almost as cruel as Russia's crushing of the Hungarian rebellion."
In a statement issued through the Korean Mission in Tokyo, the ROK envoy expressed hopes that "freedom-loving men throughout the world especially refugee groups, will speak up and urge the Japanese to reconsider the case."
Yiu said Japan cannot abdicate her moral responsibility to feed and clothe the people she brought over here between 1910 and 1945 by turning them over to north Korea.
Yiu's statement read:
Foreign Minister Aiichiro Fujiyama 's reported decision to take measures ,for 'repatriation' of those Korean residents here who allegedly wish to go to the area at present occupied by the Pyongyang puppet regime must have come as a shock not only to the people and
Government of the ROK but to all ant. communist peoples throughout the world.
Mr.Fujiyama has been quoted as arguing that his decision was based on 'humanitarian' reasons because a person should be allowed to live wherever he pleases. This may sound convincing to the out sider, those who do not know the facts because the principle itself is a lofty one and should be respected and upheld.
But this principle just does not apply to this case.
Here are the facts:
1. About 600,000 Koreans are now residing in Japan. The overwhelming majority of this groups was forcibly shipped to Japan between 1910 and 1945, the years when my country was ruled by Japan.
2.-- The status of this group whose members always have been suffering discrimination here, treated worse than third-class citizens has been discussed at a committee of the ROK-Japan overall talks in Tokyo. These discussion had not been concluded at the time the Japanese Foreign minister announced his 'repatriation' plan -- a plan that vitally affects the members of the group he spoke about.
3. -- the ROK Government has maintained and will continue to maintain that as Japan was responsible for bringing those persons here, then it must also be the responsibility of Japan to grant them a decent status in Japanese society, decent opportunities to earn their daily bread, decent opportunities to return to the Republic of Korea -- if they so wish.
4. -- At present, a terrifying number of the Korean residents in Japan are unemployed -- because of discrimination. Some of them are ill -- many of them because they were forced to work too hard as wheels in Japan's military and industrial Thousands have been recieving relief from the Japanese Government the monthly sams have been so mall that these persons seldom have been able to have a full meal.
5. -- when a man is starving, he is willing to listen to any creed, any promises. So it was natural that the Pyongyang regime would start broadcasting "promises" or free shipping and guarantees of 'good jobs' in north Korea. Pyongyang 's agents in Japan have spared no efforts in visiting Korean residents here -- delivering money and sweet words and "promises".
6. -- Anybody able to add two and two should be able to realize the real aims Pyongyang's come ever here come to paradise offensive: To bring about a collapse of the ROK -Japan reconciliation efforts and to obtain more slavery manpower. The puppets in Pyongyang have no real interest in the group they have been wooing; they only want to use this group to further their aims and to sow discord between two Free World nations.
Now they are on the verge of succeeding.
7. -- The fact that some Koreans in Japan have requested repatriation to north Korea does not constitute an indictment of the Republic of Korea, as some seem to believe. Not a single one of the persons concerned has been living in South Korea since 1945. They know nothing about the conditions in today's Republic of Korea. But they do know what kind or deal they have been getting from Japan -- discrimination, unemployment. Their desire to leave Japan for a slave's existence in north Korea actually constitutes an indictment against Japan. As we in the free world are exerting every effort to liberate people from beyond the Iron Curtain, it is certainly un▣...▣ring of a member of the free would to think of doing exactly the opposite.
Instead of sighing of relief at this opporitunity to ▣▣ate her moral responsibility to feed and clothe the people forcibly brought over here between 1910 and 1945, Japan should try to pay its debt to this group. She can do so by granting them decent living conditions and decent opportunity to earn a living. It, is not too late to make amends.
8 -- We all know or should know -- what Communist promises" are worth. Nothing. As the Japanese Goverment refused to join the Communist block and has chosen to enter her security through cooperation with the free world. Japan must realize that if communist must-turn-neutral-and-we-won't-touch-you "promises" are hollow, then also Pyongyang 's "promises" to the Korean resident here are as worthless.
For the Japanese officials cannot harbor any doubts about the conditions in today's north Korea.
More than two million people fled to the South during the 1950- 1953 war. This escape continues. Chief U.N. delegate U. S. Navy Rear Adm. Ira H. Nunn recently told his Communist counterpart at Panmunjom (as quoted by United Press International ) that "many people would flee to the south if the Communist opened the Bamboo Curtain."
Three days before Foreign Minister Fujiyama told the press of his 'repatriation' plan, a Korean newsmen working for the Pravda correspondent at Pyongyang fled to freedom at Panmunjom.
This man told a press conference in Seoul as quoted by the
American news agencies that North Korea not only was far from being a paradise but actually is a territory where 'terror' reigns.
He said the north Korean people are living under conditions more terrible than ever because of a large scale purre movement rural communization now under in North Korea.'
He added that the people of North Korea were living so badly that they are half-dead.'
Japan thus knows the fate awaiting the group she apparently intends to ship to north Korea. The fact that Foreign Minister Fujiyama made this decision despite his Knowledge of the real situation constitutes an act almost as cruel as Russia's crushing of the Hungarian rebellion.
I do not remember if Nikita Khrushehev used the "humanitarian reasons" excuse to justify his order to Soviet tanks to run over, kill and mail the Hungarian freedom fighters.
But Japan does.
I hope that freedom-loving men throughout the world, especially refugee groups, will speak up and urge the Japanese Government to reconsider the case."
PRESS STATEMENT (for immediate release)ROK Mission, Tokyo.
Republic of Korea Minister Yiu Tai Ha today denounced Japan's tentative decision to send some thousands of Koreans living here to "certain slavery in north Korea " as an act almost as cruel as Russia's crushing of the Hungarian rebellion."
In a statement issued through the Korean Mission in Tokyo, the ROK envoy expressed hopes that "freedom-loving men throughout the world especially refugee groups, will speak up and urge the Japanese to reconsider the case."
Yiu said Japan cannot abdicate her moral responsibility to feed and clothe the people she brought over here between 1910 and 1945 by turning them over to north Korea.
Yiu's statement read:
Foreign Minister Aiichiro Fujiyama 's reported decision to take measures ,for 'repatriation' of those Korean residents here who allegedly wish to go to the area at present occupied by the Pyongyang puppet regime must have come as a shock not only to the people and
Government of the ROK but to all ant. communist peoples throughout the world.
Mr.Fujiyama has been quoted as arguing that his decision was based on 'humanitarian' reasons because a person should be allowed to live wherever he pleases. This may sound convincing to the out sider, those who do not know the facts because the principle itself is a lofty one and should be respected and upheld.
But this principle just does not apply to this case.
Here are the facts:
1. About 600,000 Koreans are now residing in Japan. The overwhelming majority of this groups was forcibly shipped to Japan between 1910 and 1945, the years when my country was ruled by Japan.
2.-- The status of this group whose members always have been suffering discrimination here, treated worse than third-class citizens has been discussed at a committee of the ROK-Japan overall talks in Tokyo. These discussion had not been concluded at the time the Japanese Foreign minister announced his 'repatriation' plan -- a plan that vitally affects the members of the group he spoke about.
3. -- the ROK Government has maintained and will continue to maintain that as Japan was responsible for bringing those persons here, then it must also be the responsibility of Japan to grant them a decent status in Japanese society, decent opportunities to earn their daily bread, decent opportunities to return to the Republic of Korea -- if they so wish.
4. -- At present, a terrifying number of the Korean residents in Japan are unemployed -- because of discrimination. Some of them are ill -- many of them because they were forced to work too hard as wheels in Japan's military and industrial Thousands have been recieving relief from the Japanese Government the monthly sams have been so mall that these persons seldom have been able to have a full meal.
5. -- when a man is starving, he is willing to listen to any creed, any promises. So it was natural that the Pyongyang regime would start broadcasting "promises" or free shipping and guarantees of 'good jobs' in north Korea. Pyongyang 's agents in Japan have spared no efforts in visiting Korean residents here -- delivering money and sweet words and "promises".
6. -- Anybody able to add two and two should be able to realize the real aims Pyongyang's come ever here come to paradise offensive: To bring about a collapse of the ROK -Japan reconciliation efforts and to obtain more slavery manpower. The puppets in Pyongyang have no real interest in the group they have been wooing; they only want to use this group to further their aims and to sow discord between two Free World nations.
Now they are on the verge of succeeding.
7. -- The fact that some Koreans in Japan have requested repatriation to north Korea does not constitute an indictment of the Republic of Korea, as some seem to believe. Not a single one of the persons concerned has been living in South Korea since 1945. They know nothing about the conditions in today's Republic of Korea. But they do know what kind or deal they have been getting from Japan -- discrimination, unemployment. Their desire to leave Japan for a slave's existence in north Korea actually constitutes an indictment against Japan. As we in the free world are exerting every effort to liberate people from beyond the Iron Curtain, it is certainly un▣...▣ring of a member of the free would to think of doing exactly the opposite.
Instead of sighing of relief at this opporitunity to ▣▣ate her moral responsibility to feed and clothe the people forcibly brought over here between 1910 and 1945, Japan should try to pay its debt to this group. She can do so by granting them decent living conditions and decent opportunity to earn a living. It, is not too late to make amends.
8 -- We all know or should know -- what Communist promises" are worth. Nothing. As the Japanese Goverment refused to join the Communist block and has chosen to enter her security through cooperation with the free world. Japan must realize that if communist must-turn-neutral-and-we-won't-touch-you "promises" are hollow, then also Pyongyang 's "promises" to the Korean resident here are as worthless.
For the Japanese officials cannot harbor any doubts about the conditions in today's north Korea.
More than two million people fled to the South during the 1950- 1953 war. This escape continues. Chief U.N. delegate U. S. Navy Rear Adm. Ira H. Nunn recently told his Communist counterpart at Panmunjom (as quoted by United Press International ) that "many people would flee to the south if the Communist opened the Bamboo Curtain."
Three days before Foreign Minister Fujiyama told the press of his 'repatriation' plan, a Korean newsmen working for the Pravda correspondent at Pyongyang fled to freedom at Panmunjom.
This man told a press conference in Seoul as quoted by the
American news agencies that North Korea not only was far from being a paradise but actually is a territory where 'terror' reigns.
He said the north Korean people are living under conditions more terrible than ever because of a large scale purre movement rural communization now under in North Korea.'
He added that the people of North Korea were living so badly that they are half-dead.'
Japan thus knows the fate awaiting the group she apparently intends to ship to north Korea. The fact that Foreign Minister Fujiyama made this decision despite his Knowledge of the real situation constitutes an act almost as cruel as Russia's crushing of the Hungarian rebellion.
I do not remember if Nikita Khrushehev used the "humanitarian reasons" excuse to justify his order to Soviet tanks to run over, kill and mail the Hungarian freedom fighters.
But Japan does.
I hope that freedom-loving men throughout the world, especially refugee groups, will speak up and urge the Japanese Government to reconsider the case."
PRESS STATEMENT (for immediate release)ROK Mission, Tokyo.
Feb. 12, 1959.
Republic of Korea Minister Yiu Tai Ha, in an "eleventh-hour warning;" today urged the Japanese Government "to come to its senses before it is too late."
He added that the ROK Government —which "never" will approve of Japan 's plan to send Korean residents to north Korea —would be "prepared to go to any length to prevent this crime against humanity."
Referring to statements by Japanese officials that the ROK Navy "would not dare attack International Red Cross repatriation ships," the Korean envoy said he was "confident that the IRC --this great organization which has done so much to help eliminate human suffering and to help protect peace would not let itself be dragged into a scheme that aims at enslaving people and may load to a conflict seriously endangering peace in the Far East."
Yiu issued the statement in an attempt to block plans to have a preliminary decision for "repatriation" of Korean residents to north Korea formally approved at a Japanese Cabinet meeting Friday.
Yiu's statement read:
This is an eleventh-hour warning to the Japanese Government to come to its senses before it is too late.
The Republic of Korea will never give its approval to Japan's plan to send Korean residents here to slavery in north Korea. MY Government is prepared to go to any length to prevent this crime against humanity.
Some Japanese officials have been speculating in statements to the press that the ROK Navy 'would not dare attack International Red Cross repatriation ships.' I do not want to discuss the steps my Government may take as these are still under consideration.
But I would like to make three points clear:
1. I am confident that the International Red Cross, this great organization which has done so much to help eliminate human suffering and to help protect peace, would not let itself be dragged into a scheme that aims at enslaving people and may lead to a conflict seriously endangering peace in the Far East.
2. My country does not want a conflict. it does not want any shooting incidents. It is still offering the Land of friendship to Japan. But no self respecting member of the free world can be expected to remain passive when faced with the situation of seeing its citizens sent to certain slavery.
3. lt is so easy for Japan to avert a conflict. All she has to do is to drop the 'repatriation' plan and give her Korean residents a decent status making it possible for them to remain, to eat and work and survive in the Free World.
And this is my message to the Japanese people, to the man in the street: two days ago, I issued a statement explaining in detail why the Korean people -- with also the Opposition Democratic Party wholeheartedly supporting the Government's stand -- cannot approve of the proslavery 'repatriation' plan. As not a single Japanese-language newspaper published that statement, I am afraid that you still are in the dark and still might be deceived by the 'humanitarian reasons' myth surrounding the scheme.
My point was, and is, this: as Japan virtually kidnaped the Korean residents now living in this country between 1910 and 1945, then Japan has a moral debt to this group. I am sure that all these Koreans want to remain here, including those who have been forced-- by hunger, discrimination, desperation, and bribes and false promises from the same Communists who aim at enslaving also Japan to sign the 'repatriation' lists.
You did not raise any objections to the presence of Koreans when your leaders dragged these people over here to become the hardest working, hardest sweating wheels in Japan 's military and industrial machine.
it would be unfair to kick out this group just because it is no longer needed please it possible for starving Korean brothers and sisters to remain here. Accept them as equals give them a decent chance to find work and earn their living Do not let the Government draw shame and denunciation througbout the Free World by its refusal to recognize its moral debt and live up to its obligations.
And this is my plea to the community of free nations, especially to those countries whose sons gave their lives to repel the aggression launched in 1950 by the north Korean puppet regime and their masters: any mass exodus of Korean residents from Japan would mean that the Free World has lost another battle and that the Communists have won another victory, a victory that would stun free men throughout Asia.
If Japan, Asia's most highly industrialized nation cannot support the residents within her borders and starts sending to slavery a minority group which has stayed here up to 48 years -- where will this lead?
Aren't we all united in our determination to help liberate, if possible, the peoples enslaved behind the Iron Curtain? Why send more people behind that curtain?
When West Berlin was blockaded by the Communists in 1948, the United States took action. because she realized that starvation among the West Berliners would reduce their ability to resist, to reject the phony join-the-workers-paradise promises. Here in Japan, we have almost a direct parallell.
In the immediate postwar years, when it was possible for the Korean residents here to return to their homeland, this group refused to leave. Because they had come to settle in this country where they had been forced to stay so long. But this willingness to stay within Free world has been eroued by urempioyment and hunger, Japanese refusal to grant this minority group a status making it possible for it to survive.
The Free World has succeded in keeping one million Arab refugees alive. Why should the Free World now surrender here in Asia and declare its inability to keep the minority groups alive? "If Japan refuses to live up to its obligations and insists on kicking out this minority group, the free World must act. And act quickly. Before the Communists tickle Asia to death with their come-to-paradise offensive."
ENDIT
PRESS RELEASE(for immediate release)
He added that the ROK Government —which "never" will approve of Japan 's plan to send Korean residents to north Korea —would be "prepared to go to any length to prevent this crime against humanity."
Referring to statements by Japanese officials that the ROK Navy "would not dare attack International Red Cross repatriation ships," the Korean envoy said he was "confident that the IRC --this great organization which has done so much to help eliminate human suffering and to help protect peace would not let itself be dragged into a scheme that aims at enslaving people and may load to a conflict seriously endangering peace in the Far East."
Yiu issued the statement in an attempt to block plans to have a preliminary decision for "repatriation" of Korean residents to north Korea formally approved at a Japanese Cabinet meeting Friday.
Yiu's statement read:
This is an eleventh-hour warning to the Japanese Government to come to its senses before it is too late.
The Republic of Korea will never give its approval to Japan's plan to send Korean residents here to slavery in north Korea. MY Government is prepared to go to any length to prevent this crime against humanity.
Some Japanese officials have been speculating in statements to the press that the ROK Navy 'would not dare attack International Red Cross repatriation ships.' I do not want to discuss the steps my Government may take as these are still under consideration.
But I would like to make three points clear:
1. I am confident that the International Red Cross, this great organization which has done so much to help eliminate human suffering and to help protect peace, would not let itself be dragged into a scheme that aims at enslaving people and may lead to a conflict seriously endangering peace in the Far East.
2. My country does not want a conflict. it does not want any shooting incidents. It is still offering the Land of friendship to Japan. But no self respecting member of the free world can be expected to remain passive when faced with the situation of seeing its citizens sent to certain slavery.
3. lt is so easy for Japan to avert a conflict. All she has to do is to drop the 'repatriation' plan and give her Korean residents a decent status making it possible for them to remain, to eat and work and survive in the Free World.
And this is my message to the Japanese people, to the man in the street: two days ago, I issued a statement explaining in detail why the Korean people -- with also the Opposition Democratic Party wholeheartedly supporting the Government's stand -- cannot approve of the proslavery 'repatriation' plan. As not a single Japanese-language newspaper published that statement, I am afraid that you still are in the dark and still might be deceived by the 'humanitarian reasons' myth surrounding the scheme.
My point was, and is, this: as Japan virtually kidnaped the Korean residents now living in this country between 1910 and 1945, then Japan has a moral debt to this group. I am sure that all these Koreans want to remain here, including those who have been forced-- by hunger, discrimination, desperation, and bribes and false promises from the same Communists who aim at enslaving also Japan to sign the 'repatriation' lists.
You did not raise any objections to the presence of Koreans when your leaders dragged these people over here to become the hardest working, hardest sweating wheels in Japan 's military and industrial machine.
it would be unfair to kick out this group just because it is no longer needed please it possible for starving Korean brothers and sisters to remain here. Accept them as equals give them a decent chance to find work and earn their living Do not let the Government draw shame and denunciation througbout the Free World by its refusal to recognize its moral debt and live up to its obligations.
And this is my plea to the community of free nations, especially to those countries whose sons gave their lives to repel the aggression launched in 1950 by the north Korean puppet regime and their masters: any mass exodus of Korean residents from Japan would mean that the Free World has lost another battle and that the Communists have won another victory, a victory that would stun free men throughout Asia.
If Japan, Asia's most highly industrialized nation cannot support the residents within her borders and starts sending to slavery a minority group which has stayed here up to 48 years -- where will this lead?
Aren't we all united in our determination to help liberate, if possible, the peoples enslaved behind the Iron Curtain? Why send more people behind that curtain?
When West Berlin was blockaded by the Communists in 1948, the United States took action. because she realized that starvation among the West Berliners would reduce their ability to resist, to reject the phony join-the-workers-paradise promises. Here in Japan, we have almost a direct parallell.
In the immediate postwar years, when it was possible for the Korean residents here to return to their homeland, this group refused to leave. Because they had come to settle in this country where they had been forced to stay so long. But this willingness to stay within Free world has been eroued by urempioyment and hunger, Japanese refusal to grant this minority group a status making it possible for it to survive.
The Free World has succeded in keeping one million Arab refugees alive. Why should the Free World now surrender here in Asia and declare its inability to keep the minority groups alive? "If Japan refuses to live up to its obligations and insists on kicking out this minority group, the free World must act. And act quickly. Before the Communists tickle Asia to death with their come-to-paradise offensive."
ENDIT
PRESS RELEASE(for immediate release)
Tokyo, Feb. 16, 1959
ROK Mission in Japan
ROK Minister Yiu, Tai Ha, commenting on a Washington dispatch by an American news agency, expressed regrets that "there is still some confusion in the Free World" about the cause of the current Japan -Republic of Korea crisis.
Yiu emphasized that it would be wrong to confuse "the so-called repatriation issue" with America's policy of allowing Chinese nationals in the United States to return to Red China, or the Free World's insistence during the Korean War not to force any reluctant prisoners of war to return to Red China.
There is no parallell whatsoever between these cases, "the Korean Minister said.
Yiu's statement read:
Earlier, an American news agency quoted spokesman for the U.S. State Department as making 'clear' that the US does not intend to intervene in the current ROK -Japan dispute.
Then the news agency, no longer quoting any official spokesman, commented that 'the issue' has brought the United States in a dilemma,' adding that 'American policy is strongly in favor of voluntary repatriation.'
The news agency referred to the exchange of prisoners during the Korean War and America's policy of allowing Chinese nationals in the United States to go to Red China if they so desire.
This reference indicates that there is still same confusion in the Free World about the cause of the current crisis between my country and Japan as there is no parallel whatsoever between these cases.
Chinese nationals in the United States are given a free choice. If they don't want to go to Red China, they can stay without being denied the opportunity to find employment. They can eat. They can even obtain U.S. citizenship. The American policy is not pursuing a policy aimed at starving her Chinese residents until those residents have been so weakened by hunger that they request 'repatriation.'
Japan, however, is pursuing such a policy. How can one otherwise interpret her refusal to grant Korean residents here a decent status or as the ROK side is demanding at the over-all talks, 'permanent residence' and her refusal to take any steps to end employment discrimination against Korean residents?
Furthermore, America has no moral debt to her Chinese nationals. But Japan does-- as she, between 1910 and 1945, kidnaped the overwhelming majority of the 600,000 Koreans now in Japan for forced labor purposes.
Regarding the prisoners or war case, it should be recalled that President Syngman was the one who fought hardest for the principle that those Chinese PWs who did not want to return to enslavement on the Chinese mainland should be granted the right of 'free choice.'
There are at least two major differences between the PW case and the current dispute: 1) ln Korea, the prisoners of war were not forced by any starvation measures to make up their mind; they were able to eat; and they knew that if they turned their back to Red Chinese slavery, they could be assured of decent living conditions in Free China ; 2) it is impossible to draw a parallel between prisoners of war who stayed a comparatively short period in the country where they were asked to decide between slavery or democracy: the current case involves Korean residents who have been living in this country, Japan, for as long as 48 years.
The Korean residents here have not 'been given any free choice. Their only choice was between starvation and discrimination in Japan and slavery in the northern part of Korea.
Japan is deliberately persecuting a minority group. If the Free World lets Japan get away with this attempt to solve her over-population problem in the most cynical, most brutal manner ever displayed, then the U.N. Human Right Declaration is meaningless.
And it is clear that Japanese success in ousting the Korean minority group by starvation and discrimination measures would pose a threat to other minority group throughout the world. Approval of Japan's 'repatriation' policy would set a most dangerous precedent.
DRESS, STATESTATEMENT
Yiu emphasized that it would be wrong to confuse "the so-called repatriation issue" with America's policy of allowing Chinese nationals in the United States to return to Red China, or the Free World's insistence during the Korean War not to force any reluctant prisoners of war to return to Red China.
There is no parallell whatsoever between these cases, "the Korean Minister said.
Yiu's statement read:
Earlier, an American news agency quoted spokesman for the U.S. State Department as making 'clear' that the US does not intend to intervene in the current ROK -Japan dispute.
Then the news agency, no longer quoting any official spokesman, commented that 'the issue' has brought the United States in a dilemma,' adding that 'American policy is strongly in favor of voluntary repatriation.'
The news agency referred to the exchange of prisoners during the Korean War and America's policy of allowing Chinese nationals in the United States to go to Red China if they so desire.
This reference indicates that there is still same confusion in the Free World about the cause of the current crisis between my country and Japan as there is no parallel whatsoever between these cases.
Chinese nationals in the United States are given a free choice. If they don't want to go to Red China, they can stay without being denied the opportunity to find employment. They can eat. They can even obtain U.S. citizenship. The American policy is not pursuing a policy aimed at starving her Chinese residents until those residents have been so weakened by hunger that they request 'repatriation.'
Japan, however, is pursuing such a policy. How can one otherwise interpret her refusal to grant Korean residents here a decent status or as the ROK side is demanding at the over-all talks, 'permanent residence' and her refusal to take any steps to end employment discrimination against Korean residents?
Furthermore, America has no moral debt to her Chinese nationals. But Japan does-- as she, between 1910 and 1945, kidnaped the overwhelming majority of the 600,000 Koreans now in Japan for forced labor purposes.
Regarding the prisoners or war case, it should be recalled that President Syngman was the one who fought hardest for the principle that those Chinese PWs who did not want to return to enslavement on the Chinese mainland should be granted the right of 'free choice.'
There are at least two major differences between the PW case and the current dispute: 1) ln Korea, the prisoners of war were not forced by any starvation measures to make up their mind; they were able to eat; and they knew that if they turned their back to Red Chinese slavery, they could be assured of decent living conditions in Free China ; 2) it is impossible to draw a parallel between prisoners of war who stayed a comparatively short period in the country where they were asked to decide between slavery or democracy: the current case involves Korean residents who have been living in this country, Japan, for as long as 48 years.
The Korean residents here have not 'been given any free choice. Their only choice was between starvation and discrimination in Japan and slavery in the northern part of Korea.
Japan is deliberately persecuting a minority group. If the Free World lets Japan get away with this attempt to solve her over-population problem in the most cynical, most brutal manner ever displayed, then the U.N. Human Right Declaration is meaningless.
And it is clear that Japanese success in ousting the Korean minority group by starvation and discrimination measures would pose a threat to other minority group throughout the world. Approval of Japan's 'repatriation' policy would set a most dangerous precedent.
DRESS, STATESTATEMENT
ROK Mission in Japan.
Tokyo, Feb. 25, 1959.
Republic of Korea Minister Yiu Tai Ha today announced that the Korean government and people decided to give Japan "another chance, a final to drop the plan to send poverty-stricken Korean residents here to "slavery in terror-ridden north Korea."
The ROK envoy, who returned to his Tokyo post last Friday, said his Government was still willing to resume-negotiations for normalization of relations.
But he coupled this declaration with a reference to the millions of Koreans now daily "demonstrating their determination to crush the deportation plan. This shows the graveness of the situation."
He appealed to the Japanese people to obtain the real facts and "to meet us halfway. The choice is yours. On your decision rests the fate of peace in the Far East."
Minister Yiu's statement read:
I have returned from five days of consultations with my home Government. During my visit to Seoul, I personally witnessed how firmly united the Korean people men and women, regardess of age or party affilaffiliation -- are in their determination to oppose Japan 's so-called 'repatriation plan. By all means.
The ROK Government had decided its course of action. But before implementing any of the decisions, it was felt that Japan should be given another chance a final chance.
So this is the message I am bringing back to the Japanese Government and people: it is not too late. The ROK Government still is willing to resume the normalization talks. All that is needed to get the talks onto the right track again. is Japanese abandoment of the deportation plan.
It is never dishonorable to retreat from a dishonorable position.
Korea, and the rest of the free anti Communist world, would be willing to forget the Japanese Cabinet 's decision of last Feb.13 for deportation of the Korean minority group to Communist slavery.
The wrong and tragic decision of Feb. 13 can be retracted. Korea would then be willing to completely forget this incident. "For it has been painfully clear that the decision was taken while the Japanese people as a whole was kept in the dark, misled arguments asserting that the impoverished Koreans brought here between 1910 and 1945 now had to be kicked out for 'humanitarian reasons.' Debates in the Japanese press and radio discussions indicate that many Japanese have came to doubt the claim that the Japanese Government is planming this action in the name of 'humanitarianism.'
Some Japanese now openly admit that as Japan was responsible for bringing to this country the overwhelming majority of the Korean residents now living here, Japan cannot and should not write off this moral debt by sending this group to slavery. It is also being admitted in some Japanese newspaper editorials that Free World opinion is not necessarily on Japan's side because any impartial observor is bound to find that the unemployed Koreans here are subject to discrimination and starvation policies and thus never been given any free choice.
Some Japanese officials, however, are trying to justify their stand by deviating from the position they took at the conclusion of the preliminary talks on Dec. 31, 1957. In the documents signed on that day, the Japanese representatives clearly and willingly recognized the fact that the overwhelming majority of the Korean residents here had been brought over here by the Japanese authorities.
It should be recalled that (during the decades of Japanese rule in Korea, it was impossible for the average Korean to leave his country. The travel restrictions imposed by the Japanese police authorities in Korea were extremely rigid. Only a few independence leaders managed to escape to the United States and China to continue the fight abroad.
One can accuse the Japanese police of many things but not of inefficiency. Those caught violating the travel restrictions had to rot in jail.
It is therefore clear that the hundreds of thousands of Koreans who came to Japan between 1910 and 1945 were brought over here for purely selfish Japanese interests. For forced labour purposes. For forced service in Japan's armed forces.
The reason I find it necessary to recall this elementary fact is that Japan apparently is planning to issue a white book on the Korean minority in Japan. I don't know what this paper will contain-- but I have reasons to believe that the idea is to try to prove that the Koreans were not brought over here forcibly. The historians of the world 'all laugh at any attempt to rewrite history so that it conforms to the wishes and policies of some Japanese officials.
I also want to make clear that if Japan should continue to distort the facts and retract her earlier recognition of responsibility for bringing the Korean residents here, then there would be no reasonable basis for resumption of the normalization talks.
As the editors of the Japanese language newspapers have displayed such enthusiasm in throwing into the wastepaper basket all statements outlining and clarifying my Government's views, I am afraid that the average Japanese is being misled also on another point. That is my Government's willingness to receive any number of Koreans now living in Japan.
But there are a few matters to be settled first.
Japan, for example, is morally obliged to pay compensation for those Korean who were forecd to die for the case of Japanese imperialism. Those Koreans did not want to be drafted: they did not want to die.
The Korean mothers saw their sons being dragged away. What do those mothers have today? Nothing Not even the ashes of their sons.
About two years ago, I was informed a responsible Japanese official about the remains of more than 20,000 Koreans who died during World War II. They had all been forced to join Japan 's armed forces or been put into forced labour battalions. The remains of these more than 20,000 Koreans are now in the custody of the Japanese welfare Ministry. The Japanese attitude apparently is: "They died. So what? Forget about it. They were just Koreans."
For while the Government of Japan has been paying compensation to Japanese families whose sons or husbands lost their live, there has been no offer to pay compensation to the Korean victims.
The ROK Government 's stand on the 'repatriation' issue is certainly not inhumane. The Japanese people have been led to believe so as they have not been given access to the facts. But the Free World is getting the facts.
If the Japanese people only were given the opportunity to see the other side of the picture and were informed of the views expressed by newspapers in the Free World, I am sure they would realize that there must be something very wrong in the arguments of some Japanese officials, realize how false those arguments are and how wrong it would be to send to slavery members of a minority group who are being denied the opportunity to work and eat.
I am thus appealing to the Japanese people to try to obtain the facts somehow, to open the eyes and realize that this crime against humanity must be prevented. And I am sure we all agree that it would much be if this proslavery scheme is locked by the Japanese themselves-- and not by others.
This is not a threat, not a warning, not a challenge; only a statement of the real situation. The wounds caused by Japan's occupation of Korea have not yet healed completely. If Japan instead of trying to help heal the wounds should carry out the deportation plan, this would be regarded by the Korean people as a stab into the very same slowly healing wounds. It would make future generations of Koreans hate Japan : it would force the present generation to act.
Millions of Koreans are daily demonstrating their determination to crush the deportation plan. This shows the graveness of the situation
As a man who has spend many years in Japan trying to build a bridge of friendship between our two countries, I appeal to the Japanese people to meet us halfway. The choice is yours. On your decision rests the fate of peace in the Far East."
ENDIT.
STATUS OF KOREANS
By Tai Ha Yiu
Chief of ROK Mission in japan
The ROK envoy, who returned to his Tokyo post last Friday, said his Government was still willing to resume-negotiations for normalization of relations.
But he coupled this declaration with a reference to the millions of Koreans now daily "demonstrating their determination to crush the deportation plan. This shows the graveness of the situation."
He appealed to the Japanese people to obtain the real facts and "to meet us halfway. The choice is yours. On your decision rests the fate of peace in the Far East."
Minister Yiu's statement read:
I have returned from five days of consultations with my home Government. During my visit to Seoul, I personally witnessed how firmly united the Korean people men and women, regardess of age or party affilaffiliation -- are in their determination to oppose Japan 's so-called 'repatriation plan. By all means.
The ROK Government had decided its course of action. But before implementing any of the decisions, it was felt that Japan should be given another chance a final chance.
So this is the message I am bringing back to the Japanese Government and people: it is not too late. The ROK Government still is willing to resume the normalization talks. All that is needed to get the talks onto the right track again. is Japanese abandoment of the deportation plan.
It is never dishonorable to retreat from a dishonorable position.
Korea, and the rest of the free anti Communist world, would be willing to forget the Japanese Cabinet 's decision of last Feb.13 for deportation of the Korean minority group to Communist slavery.
The wrong and tragic decision of Feb. 13 can be retracted. Korea would then be willing to completely forget this incident. "For it has been painfully clear that the decision was taken while the Japanese people as a whole was kept in the dark, misled arguments asserting that the impoverished Koreans brought here between 1910 and 1945 now had to be kicked out for 'humanitarian reasons.' Debates in the Japanese press and radio discussions indicate that many Japanese have came to doubt the claim that the Japanese Government is planming this action in the name of 'humanitarianism.'
Some Japanese now openly admit that as Japan was responsible for bringing to this country the overwhelming majority of the Korean residents now living here, Japan cannot and should not write off this moral debt by sending this group to slavery. It is also being admitted in some Japanese newspaper editorials that Free World opinion is not necessarily on Japan's side because any impartial observor is bound to find that the unemployed Koreans here are subject to discrimination and starvation policies and thus never been given any free choice.
Some Japanese officials, however, are trying to justify their stand by deviating from the position they took at the conclusion of the preliminary talks on Dec. 31, 1957. In the documents signed on that day, the Japanese representatives clearly and willingly recognized the fact that the overwhelming majority of the Korean residents here had been brought over here by the Japanese authorities.
It should be recalled that (during the decades of Japanese rule in Korea, it was impossible for the average Korean to leave his country. The travel restrictions imposed by the Japanese police authorities in Korea were extremely rigid. Only a few independence leaders managed to escape to the United States and China to continue the fight abroad.
One can accuse the Japanese police of many things but not of inefficiency. Those caught violating the travel restrictions had to rot in jail.
It is therefore clear that the hundreds of thousands of Koreans who came to Japan between 1910 and 1945 were brought over here for purely selfish Japanese interests. For forced labour purposes. For forced service in Japan's armed forces.
The reason I find it necessary to recall this elementary fact is that Japan apparently is planning to issue a white book on the Korean minority in Japan. I don't know what this paper will contain-- but I have reasons to believe that the idea is to try to prove that the Koreans were not brought over here forcibly. The historians of the world 'all laugh at any attempt to rewrite history so that it conforms to the wishes and policies of some Japanese officials.
I also want to make clear that if Japan should continue to distort the facts and retract her earlier recognition of responsibility for bringing the Korean residents here, then there would be no reasonable basis for resumption of the normalization talks.
As the editors of the Japanese language newspapers have displayed such enthusiasm in throwing into the wastepaper basket all statements outlining and clarifying my Government's views, I am afraid that the average Japanese is being misled also on another point. That is my Government's willingness to receive any number of Koreans now living in Japan.
But there are a few matters to be settled first.
Japan, for example, is morally obliged to pay compensation for those Korean who were forecd to die for the case of Japanese imperialism. Those Koreans did not want to be drafted: they did not want to die.
The Korean mothers saw their sons being dragged away. What do those mothers have today? Nothing Not even the ashes of their sons.
About two years ago, I was informed a responsible Japanese official about the remains of more than 20,000 Koreans who died during World War II. They had all been forced to join Japan 's armed forces or been put into forced labour battalions. The remains of these more than 20,000 Koreans are now in the custody of the Japanese welfare Ministry. The Japanese attitude apparently is: "They died. So what? Forget about it. They were just Koreans."
For while the Government of Japan has been paying compensation to Japanese families whose sons or husbands lost their live, there has been no offer to pay compensation to the Korean victims.
The ROK Government 's stand on the 'repatriation' issue is certainly not inhumane. The Japanese people have been led to believe so as they have not been given access to the facts. But the Free World is getting the facts.
If the Japanese people only were given the opportunity to see the other side of the picture and were informed of the views expressed by newspapers in the Free World, I am sure they would realize that there must be something very wrong in the arguments of some Japanese officials, realize how false those arguments are and how wrong it would be to send to slavery members of a minority group who are being denied the opportunity to work and eat.
I am thus appealing to the Japanese people to try to obtain the facts somehow, to open the eyes and realize that this crime against humanity must be prevented. And I am sure we all agree that it would much be if this proslavery scheme is locked by the Japanese themselves-- and not by others.
This is not a threat, not a warning, not a challenge; only a statement of the real situation. The wounds caused by Japan's occupation of Korea have not yet healed completely. If Japan instead of trying to help heal the wounds should carry out the deportation plan, this would be regarded by the Korean people as a stab into the very same slowly healing wounds. It would make future generations of Koreans hate Japan : it would force the present generation to act.
Millions of Koreans are daily demonstrating their determination to crush the deportation plan. This shows the graveness of the situation
As a man who has spend many years in Japan trying to build a bridge of friendship between our two countries, I appeal to the Japanese people to meet us halfway. The choice is yours. On your decision rests the fate of peace in the Far East."
ENDIT.
STATUS OF KOREANS
By Tai Ha Yiu
Chief of ROK Mission in japan
Saturday, Dec. 27, 1958
This is the fifth in the series of articles written by Minister
Yiu presenting the Korean side of the Japan-ROK overall-talks.
Minister Yiu takes up the issue of the 600,000 Koreans residing in Japan in this and in a subsequent article Editor.
The plight of Korean residents in Japan is one of the outstanding tragedies of the 20th Century. Yet too tired of listenins to other tales of misery and wars, knows very little about the case though the fate of about 600,000 persons is at stake.
But can't they just Pack up and so home? And as they "once come to Japan " and settle down in this Nation, why don't they assimilate and stop complaining, in one word: shut up? And isn't it on that the Japanese Government has put "several thousand Koreans" on relief? Pretty nice treatment of foreigners...
These are some of the questions being asked. I will answer them by stating the facts.
First of all, I want to clarify that the issue being discussed between Japanese and Korean negotiators fall into two categories:
1) The status of some 600,000 Koreans who "came to Japan between 1910 (when the so-called annexation treaty was signed following five years or "negotiations" with a country that already was under the occupation of Japan ) and 1945, plus their dependents;
2) The problems connected with the arrivalslegal and illegal since the termination of the Pacific War of Korean nationals. This issue will also be a part of the over-all talks eventually. As the problem, generally known as the detainee problem, nevertheless, affects the talks and Japan -ROK relations in general, I will state our stand on it in the next article.
Between 1910 and 1945, thousands and thousands of Japanese flocked to Korea. As they considered themselves the representatives of the "master race," they took over all jobs but the mental inferior ones.
Hundreds of thousands of Koreans, deprived of their jobs at home, were recruited into forced labor battalions or small groups and shipped to Japan, here they became the hardest working, hardest seating wheels of Japan's industrial comings.
This forced movement of human beings grew at such a furious rate during 'World War II While Japan's mIlitary mac▣ine and. man-hungry cried for more and more fingers to pull the triggers and turn the wheels-- that no parallel can be found in modern history (With the exception, in Russia and other Communist slave labor countries).
I do not deny that a few Koreans came to Japan voluntarily between 1910 and 1945. But I think it is necessary to emphasise once again that the overwhelming majority of "1910-1945 Group" were forced to settle down in Japan.
In view of this, the ROK Government holds that it is the responsibility of Japan that brought these persons here also to grant these persons a decent status in Japanese society, decent opportunities to earn their daily ▣rend, descent opportunities to return to Korea if they so wish.
These three conditions do not exist today.
The Koreans who were forcefully brought to Japan but due to the many years spent here nevertheless consider Japan their home away from home" and who like to remain in Japan, are being discriminated against, treated worse than third class citizens. Demands are being raised that Japan be granted the right to unilaterally deport to Korea any members of the "1910-1945 Group," including their dependents, some of them born in this country.
But I do believe that any Japanese with a sense for fair play and justice and there are many of these will agree with me that the rights of the Koreans brought here by force up to 1945 should not be confused with those Koreans who came here voluntarily after 1945, with valid passports or who smuggled themselves into this country.
In order to pay her debt to this group of people who suffered so many hardships, I don't think it is demanding too much that Japan grant these Koreans of the 1910-45 "permanent residence" plus the assurance that no members of this ▣r up will be deported without prior consultations with ROK authorities.
If we don't get this consultation pledge" I fear that the deportation clause could be abused the extent that practically any member of the 1910-45 group or all of them might be deported, however slight their violation of Japanese laws.
We also wish Japan to grant these persons the rights to possess property and to work (Government jobs would, of course, remain closed to them) asking as they remain in Japan, i.e. property and occupation rights that aliens in general are not entitled to enjoy or permitted to follow under relevant provisions of Japanese laws regulations.
In this connection, I would like to point out that Koreans have been accorded discriminatory treatment in their business activities, just to mention one field. A Korean businessman. finds it practically impossible to obtain a Bank loan: and if he does succeed in getting a loan, the terms are much tougher than in the case of Japanese loan applicants. Discriminatory treatment in business and employment have made it impossible for many Koreans to earn a living here.
They came here as forced labourers; were denied the opportunities to education and advancement. Today, many Koreans consequently are on relief, considered a burden on the Japanese society. But I think it is only fair to expect the society that dragged them over here also to assume the responsibility of keeping the aged or ailing or unemployed members of this group alive; decently fed and dressed.
This situation of discriminatory treatment in various fields should of course be remedied immediately.
But despite odds against them, some Koreans of the 1910-45 group did climb the ladder of success.
They acquired heavies and other property; they have saved some money and established small busincss enterprines through hard work and modest living. some of those persons would like to return to the Republic of Korea. But obviously, they do not want to do so if the price they have to pay is the loss of everything they have accumulated in Japan after a lifetime of blood, sweat, and tears. Whatever they have managed to save, they should be allowed to bring along to the "old country" including movable property and without having to pay any special taxes or duties or customs fees.
For wouldn't the joke be rather too Grime too cruel if the state. that "kidnapped" them and discriminated against them also proceeded to take a large chunk out of their lifetime savings?
The no-taxes-no-duties provision concerning returnees would be in line with international practice.
To cite only three cases or precedents illustrating how the property rights of minority races have been protected, I refer to the United States-Mexico Peace Treaty of 1848; and 1924 Danzing Agreement between Germany and Poland ; and the 1905 Portsmouth Treaty between Japan and Russia.
Mexicans living in the territory ceded to the US were entitled to remain in that area as long as they wished. And if they did return to Mexico, no taxes or duties or other charges could be imposed on their property by the US authorities.
The same kind of provisions are contained in the Danzing Agreement, including the remittance of funds to the home countries concerned. And Japan itself agreed to the same provisions in the case of those Russians who chose to remain in South Sakhalin upon the partition of the island (following Russia's defeat).
It may also be recalled that the supreme Commander of the Allied Powers) authoritis in 1945, decread that all the Koreans in Japan were legally entitled to remain here if they wished to do in a previous article, I stressed the necessity for a quick solution of the art object issue. As we in this case are dealing with human beings and not with vases or broken knives found in old tombs the necessity of a quick agreement is, of course, still more urgent.
THE DETAINEE ISSUE
By Yiu Tai Ha,
Chief of ROK Mission in Japan
Yiu presenting the Korean side of the Japan-ROK overall-talks.
Minister Yiu takes up the issue of the 600,000 Koreans residing in Japan in this and in a subsequent article Editor.
The plight of Korean residents in Japan is one of the outstanding tragedies of the 20th Century. Yet too tired of listenins to other tales of misery and wars, knows very little about the case though the fate of about 600,000 persons is at stake.
But can't they just Pack up and so home? And as they "once come to Japan " and settle down in this Nation, why don't they assimilate and stop complaining, in one word: shut up? And isn't it on that the Japanese Government has put "several thousand Koreans" on relief? Pretty nice treatment of foreigners...
These are some of the questions being asked. I will answer them by stating the facts.
First of all, I want to clarify that the issue being discussed between Japanese and Korean negotiators fall into two categories:
1) The status of some 600,000 Koreans who "came to Japan between 1910 (when the so-called annexation treaty was signed following five years or "negotiations" with a country that already was under the occupation of Japan ) and 1945, plus their dependents;
2) The problems connected with the arrivalslegal and illegal since the termination of the Pacific War of Korean nationals. This issue will also be a part of the over-all talks eventually. As the problem, generally known as the detainee problem, nevertheless, affects the talks and Japan -ROK relations in general, I will state our stand on it in the next article.
Between 1910 and 1945, thousands and thousands of Japanese flocked to Korea. As they considered themselves the representatives of the "master race," they took over all jobs but the mental inferior ones.
Hundreds of thousands of Koreans, deprived of their jobs at home, were recruited into forced labor battalions or small groups and shipped to Japan, here they became the hardest working, hardest seating wheels of Japan's industrial comings.
This forced movement of human beings grew at such a furious rate during 'World War II While Japan's mIlitary mac▣ine and. man-hungry cried for more and more fingers to pull the triggers and turn the wheels-- that no parallel can be found in modern history (With the exception, in Russia and other Communist slave labor countries).
I do not deny that a few Koreans came to Japan voluntarily between 1910 and 1945. But I think it is necessary to emphasise once again that the overwhelming majority of "1910-1945 Group" were forced to settle down in Japan.
In view of this, the ROK Government holds that it is the responsibility of Japan that brought these persons here also to grant these persons a decent status in Japanese society, decent opportunities to earn their daily ▣rend, descent opportunities to return to Korea if they so wish.
These three conditions do not exist today.
The Koreans who were forcefully brought to Japan but due to the many years spent here nevertheless consider Japan their home away from home" and who like to remain in Japan, are being discriminated against, treated worse than third class citizens. Demands are being raised that Japan be granted the right to unilaterally deport to Korea any members of the "1910-1945 Group," including their dependents, some of them born in this country.
But I do believe that any Japanese with a sense for fair play and justice and there are many of these will agree with me that the rights of the Koreans brought here by force up to 1945 should not be confused with those Koreans who came here voluntarily after 1945, with valid passports or who smuggled themselves into this country.
In order to pay her debt to this group of people who suffered so many hardships, I don't think it is demanding too much that Japan grant these Koreans of the 1910-45 "permanent residence" plus the assurance that no members of this ▣r up will be deported without prior consultations with ROK authorities.
If we don't get this consultation pledge" I fear that the deportation clause could be abused the extent that practically any member of the 1910-45 group or all of them might be deported, however slight their violation of Japanese laws.
We also wish Japan to grant these persons the rights to possess property and to work (Government jobs would, of course, remain closed to them) asking as they remain in Japan, i.e. property and occupation rights that aliens in general are not entitled to enjoy or permitted to follow under relevant provisions of Japanese laws regulations.
In this connection, I would like to point out that Koreans have been accorded discriminatory treatment in their business activities, just to mention one field. A Korean businessman. finds it practically impossible to obtain a Bank loan: and if he does succeed in getting a loan, the terms are much tougher than in the case of Japanese loan applicants. Discriminatory treatment in business and employment have made it impossible for many Koreans to earn a living here.
They came here as forced labourers; were denied the opportunities to education and advancement. Today, many Koreans consequently are on relief, considered a burden on the Japanese society. But I think it is only fair to expect the society that dragged them over here also to assume the responsibility of keeping the aged or ailing or unemployed members of this group alive; decently fed and dressed.
This situation of discriminatory treatment in various fields should of course be remedied immediately.
But despite odds against them, some Koreans of the 1910-45 group did climb the ladder of success.
They acquired heavies and other property; they have saved some money and established small busincss enterprines through hard work and modest living. some of those persons would like to return to the Republic of Korea. But obviously, they do not want to do so if the price they have to pay is the loss of everything they have accumulated in Japan after a lifetime of blood, sweat, and tears. Whatever they have managed to save, they should be allowed to bring along to the "old country" including movable property and without having to pay any special taxes or duties or customs fees.
For wouldn't the joke be rather too Grime too cruel if the state. that "kidnapped" them and discriminated against them also proceeded to take a large chunk out of their lifetime savings?
The no-taxes-no-duties provision concerning returnees would be in line with international practice.
To cite only three cases or precedents illustrating how the property rights of minority races have been protected, I refer to the United States-Mexico Peace Treaty of 1848; and 1924 Danzing Agreement between Germany and Poland ; and the 1905 Portsmouth Treaty between Japan and Russia.
Mexicans living in the territory ceded to the US were entitled to remain in that area as long as they wished. And if they did return to Mexico, no taxes or duties or other charges could be imposed on their property by the US authorities.
The same kind of provisions are contained in the Danzing Agreement, including the remittance of funds to the home countries concerned. And Japan itself agreed to the same provisions in the case of those Russians who chose to remain in South Sakhalin upon the partition of the island (following Russia's defeat).
It may also be recalled that the supreme Commander of the Allied Powers) authoritis in 1945, decread that all the Koreans in Japan were legally entitled to remain here if they wished to do in a previous article, I stressed the necessity for a quick solution of the art object issue. As we in this case are dealing with human beings and not with vases or broken knives found in old tombs the necessity of a quick agreement is, of course, still more urgent.
THE DETAINEE ISSUE
By Yiu Tai Ha,
Chief of ROK Mission in Japan
Saturday, Jan. 3, 1959
This is the sixth and concluding article in a series written exclusively for the Japan Times by Minister Yia Tai Ha on the ROK -Japan talks Editor.
Today I am going to torpedo the "humanitarian reasons" myth that has engulged the socalled detainee issue otherwise 30 simple-in such a fog of misconception that the negotiators often seem to be groping in grim darkness.
First the background and the facts:
The origin of the issue is Japan's detention since the end of World War II of hundreds of Korean "permanent resident.," that is lumbers of the group of several hundred thousand Koreans who were forcefully moved to this nation between 1910 and 1945.
The detainees were put into what we consider substandard camps and detained there for years and years on unjust charges. The ROK side repeatedly requested the release of these Koreans who had become attached to this country due to the many years spent here.
We opposed any unilateral or arbitrary deportation of these detainees. As Japan, however, maintained her we-will-deport-them stand, there was no alternative for the Republic of Korea but to (1) withhold the release of Japanese fishermen who had completed their prison terms, imposed for poaching inside the Peace Line; (2) withhold the receiving of those Koreans whom Japan wanted to deport because they had entered this country illegally after 1945.
A series of attempts were made to break the deadlock and settle the problem. We were near success in November 1955, and April 1956 but the Japanese Foreign Office backed out of an agreement in the first case while the Japanese Justice Ministry raised objections to the Gaimusho-approved 1956 accord.
But the two countries finally reached an agreement Dec. 31, 1957 under which:
(1) Japan committed itself to release all those Korean detainees held at Omura who had entered Japan before the end of World War II;
(2) The ROK Government agreed to accept the deportation of Korean postwar "illegal entrants" and to repatriate Japanese fishermen who had completed their sentences.
Japan also handed over list of 1,259 "illegal entrants" to be deported to the Republic of Korea.
Both countries lived up to this agreement in the initial stage. Suddenly, however, Japan announced that among the 1,259 Koreans to be deported to the Republic of Korea, there was a group of 93 persons who "insist on repatriation" to the northern Communist-occupied part of Korea.
Thus, Japan said, this group departed to the Republic of Korea. ...
Without even consulting us, Japan later announced its unilateral decision to release here in Japan 25 members of this group 93.
This was in our opinion a clear violation of the 31, 1957, agreement and the commitments made by Japan's representatives at the Joint Working Committee that had been set up to implement the agreement.
Following a series of meetings, the Working Committee finally reached an understanding that :
(1) The 93 Korean concerned would gradually be deported to the Republic of Korea ;
(2) They would neither be released in Japan nor sent to the Communist-held territory generally known as "North Korea."
We are hopeful that Japan will live up to this commitment.
Now some readers of the Japan Times probably make this objection: "All right, all this sounds fine. You have convinced us that legally you are right and that Japan is committed not to send this group to North Korea. But why don't you let them go home to North Korea ? Be a sport."
The answer is: their "home" is not North Korea.
Almost all of these 93 group members formerly resided in the southern part of Korea. As they entered Japan by unlawful means after the end of World War II, Japan must deport them to the country of origin. And as the families of these group members still reside in the southern part of Korea, it is the ROK Government's right and obligation to protect these 93 Korean citizens.
As the ROK Government cannot be indifferent to the fates of its citizens, it is impossible for our Government to recognize the propriety of actions taken unilaterally by the Japanese Government that would affect the destiny of these 93 Korean citizens or any other ROK citizens.
Both Japan and the Republic of Korea have agreed that these 93 Koreans are subject to deportation to the Republic of Korea. And in deportation cases the so-called "free will" could hardly constitute a factor causing any change in the implemertation of the deportation proceedings because deporttion under international law and practice, is of Compulsory nature, requiring compulsory measures.
What a cold, legal approach, why do you remain deaf to the humanitarian reasons voiced by Japanese, including, Japan Red Cross officials. Haven't you got a heart?"
Yes, I have one so have all other ROK officials. Normally we take "humanitarian reasons" into Consideration but these do not apply to this case.Many
Korean women (some of them pregnant) and children among the permanent residents detained for years and years at Omura. They were not illegal entrants. They happened to be supporters of the legally established ROK Goverment, when we pleaded and pleaded for their release, we ran smack into a wall of silence and no talk whatsoever abort "humanitarianism."
This group of 93 Koreans smuggled themselves into this country.
Now they reportedly want to go to North Korea. The heart of every Japanese seems to bleed for these "poor, unfortunate" persons.
But if, for instance, a European smuggles himself into another country and finally is apprehended, do you think that the authorities of the nation that has to deport him would take this approach: "Dear, sir, you gotta get out. You do come from Country B, but if you would rather be deported to Country C, or to the North Pole or to the sunny beaches of some island country, just let us know, sir. We don't want to hurt your feelings in any way, you see. Because of humanitarian reasons...
Now, sir, there is a Complication. This country of yours is insisting that you be sent back to where you came from. Rather strange. But we could perhaps delay things a little bit, perhaps until the day when we can send you to the moon or to some other planet. is that all right with you?
International law and practice would be transformed to "jokes" of this kind if the principle of humanitarianism which my Government and people support—were permitted to be stretched to any extent.
As I have explained, these persons are ROK citizens and the ROK Government considers itself responsible for the destiny also of this group. These 93 persons may have "sinned." But we refuse to give them up as definitely lost. We want to spare this group of ROK citizens the fate that would await them in "north Korea."
Please note that I have now discussed the case of a small group of persons who entered this country illegally after World War II.
Now I want to refer briefly to another "group repatriation" scheme but this time involving so-called permanent Korean residents here, i.e. those who were forcefully moved to Japan between 1910 and 1945.
A high official of the Japan Red Cross recently made a speech in which he gave some fantastic figures of hundreds of thousands of Koreans in this nation who allegedly were trembling of eagerness to be "repatriated to North Korea." And he spoke of North Korea in such glowing terms that one got the impression that he was referring to a paradise on earth. Some segments of the Japanese society are reported to support this "group repatriation to North Korea " movement, also here for "humanitarian reasons."
But, dear readers of the Japan Times, this movement is nothing but a most malicious "political" campaign launched against the current Japan -ROK talks by:
1) The North Korean puppet Regime and
2) Some Japanese groups who do not want to see Japan -ROK problems solved.
Why? Here is a brief outline of the situation:
Japan does recognize the Republic of Korea, as the United Nation has recognized the Government of the Republic of Korea as the only lawful government of Korea. Any dealings with the North Korean puppet regime would of course be strongly opposed by the ROK Government. Thus, groups opposed to the current Japan -ROK over-all talks know that by the so-called "group repatriation" scheme, they could lead to a deterioration in Japan -ROK relations, probably a collapse of the over-all talks.
The Red Cross official quoted earlier spoke of North Korea as if it were a paradise: But he ignored the fact that millions of Koreans in the north have fled that "paradise" since 1945 and that this escape to the south is continuing even today.
The group repatriation scheme is connected with current Japan -ROK discussions on the status and treatment of Korean permanent residents here (Article V). I believe that the Japanese Government will oppose the repatriation-to-North Korea scheme for two reasons: 1) because she respects the sovereign right of the Republic of Korea, and 2) because of "humanitarian reasons," too.
For it could not but be interpreted as an extremely inhumane measure and as a concentrated campaign to get rid of as many Korean residents as possible if Japan were to allow Korean residents-to depart. under the "group repatriation" scheme.
The Republic of Korea and Japan still are discussing a solution of the status and treatment issues including property rights of Korean residents in Japan.
It Is a well-known fact that followers here of the North Korean puppet regime have been distributing money to impaverished Korean residents in Japan "here is some money" just sign the repatriation list." In addition, the North Korean puppet regime has said that any Koreans in Japan willing to be "reratriated" to North Korea would be assured of jobs and houses and comfortable living.
There are two main aims of this Red campaign of bribes and "promises." 1) to wreck the Japan -ROK over-all talks, and 2) to get new slavery manpower in replacement of those Koreans who fled to the South.
If anyone wants to argue that it is better to send hundreds of thousands of Koreans here to slavery in North Korea than keeping them here where they are without jobs, without homes and living in poverty-- that would only serve to prove that he is deaf to "humanitrianism" and that the Korean residents brought here between 1910 and 1945 are being discriminated against and are living in extreme poverty just because of this discrimination. The Government of the Republic of Korea has the due right to protect these people who are nationals of the Republic of Korea.
Japan cannot abdicate her responsibility of providing the 1910- 1945 group with employment and decent living conditions by turning this group over to a regime whose terror already has made millions of people flee to the South.
I hope that you are now convinced that not a single Korean resident should ever be handed over to the North Korean puppet regime from the legal standpoint and also by references to "humanitarian reasons."
If, however, and persons should continue to support the "group-repatriation-to-North-Korea " scheme, I would dare say that they do so only because of ignorance of the true picture of the scheme or because they want to sabotage the current attempts of Japan and the Republic of Korea to settle pending issues and improve Japan -ROK relations.
Today I am going to torpedo the "humanitarian reasons" myth that has engulged the socalled detainee issue otherwise 30 simple-in such a fog of misconception that the negotiators often seem to be groping in grim darkness.
First the background and the facts:
The origin of the issue is Japan's detention since the end of World War II of hundreds of Korean "permanent resident.," that is lumbers of the group of several hundred thousand Koreans who were forcefully moved to this nation between 1910 and 1945.
The detainees were put into what we consider substandard camps and detained there for years and years on unjust charges. The ROK side repeatedly requested the release of these Koreans who had become attached to this country due to the many years spent here.
We opposed any unilateral or arbitrary deportation of these detainees. As Japan, however, maintained her we-will-deport-them stand, there was no alternative for the Republic of Korea but to (1) withhold the release of Japanese fishermen who had completed their prison terms, imposed for poaching inside the Peace Line; (2) withhold the receiving of those Koreans whom Japan wanted to deport because they had entered this country illegally after 1945.
A series of attempts were made to break the deadlock and settle the problem. We were near success in November 1955, and April 1956 but the Japanese Foreign Office backed out of an agreement in the first case while the Japanese Justice Ministry raised objections to the Gaimusho-approved 1956 accord.
But the two countries finally reached an agreement Dec. 31, 1957 under which:
(1) Japan committed itself to release all those Korean detainees held at Omura who had entered Japan before the end of World War II;
(2) The ROK Government agreed to accept the deportation of Korean postwar "illegal entrants" and to repatriate Japanese fishermen who had completed their sentences.
Japan also handed over list of 1,259 "illegal entrants" to be deported to the Republic of Korea.
Both countries lived up to this agreement in the initial stage. Suddenly, however, Japan announced that among the 1,259 Koreans to be deported to the Republic of Korea, there was a group of 93 persons who "insist on repatriation" to the northern Communist-occupied part of Korea.
Thus, Japan said, this group departed to the Republic of Korea. ...
Without even consulting us, Japan later announced its unilateral decision to release here in Japan 25 members of this group 93.
This was in our opinion a clear violation of the 31, 1957, agreement and the commitments made by Japan's representatives at the Joint Working Committee that had been set up to implement the agreement.
Following a series of meetings, the Working Committee finally reached an understanding that :
(1) The 93 Korean concerned would gradually be deported to the Republic of Korea ;
(2) They would neither be released in Japan nor sent to the Communist-held territory generally known as "North Korea."
We are hopeful that Japan will live up to this commitment.
Now some readers of the Japan Times probably make this objection: "All right, all this sounds fine. You have convinced us that legally you are right and that Japan is committed not to send this group to North Korea. But why don't you let them go home to North Korea ? Be a sport."
The answer is: their "home" is not North Korea.
Almost all of these 93 group members formerly resided in the southern part of Korea. As they entered Japan by unlawful means after the end of World War II, Japan must deport them to the country of origin. And as the families of these group members still reside in the southern part of Korea, it is the ROK Government's right and obligation to protect these 93 Korean citizens.
As the ROK Government cannot be indifferent to the fates of its citizens, it is impossible for our Government to recognize the propriety of actions taken unilaterally by the Japanese Government that would affect the destiny of these 93 Korean citizens or any other ROK citizens.
Both Japan and the Republic of Korea have agreed that these 93 Koreans are subject to deportation to the Republic of Korea. And in deportation cases the so-called "free will" could hardly constitute a factor causing any change in the implemertation of the deportation proceedings because deporttion under international law and practice, is of Compulsory nature, requiring compulsory measures.
What a cold, legal approach, why do you remain deaf to the humanitarian reasons voiced by Japanese, including, Japan Red Cross officials. Haven't you got a heart?"
Yes, I have one so have all other ROK officials. Normally we take "humanitarian reasons" into Consideration but these do not apply to this case.Many
Korean women (some of them pregnant) and children among the permanent residents detained for years and years at Omura. They were not illegal entrants. They happened to be supporters of the legally established ROK Goverment, when we pleaded and pleaded for their release, we ran smack into a wall of silence and no talk whatsoever abort "humanitarianism."
This group of 93 Koreans smuggled themselves into this country.
Now they reportedly want to go to North Korea. The heart of every Japanese seems to bleed for these "poor, unfortunate" persons.
But if, for instance, a European smuggles himself into another country and finally is apprehended, do you think that the authorities of the nation that has to deport him would take this approach: "Dear, sir, you gotta get out. You do come from Country B, but if you would rather be deported to Country C, or to the North Pole or to the sunny beaches of some island country, just let us know, sir. We don't want to hurt your feelings in any way, you see. Because of humanitarian reasons...
Now, sir, there is a Complication. This country of yours is insisting that you be sent back to where you came from. Rather strange. But we could perhaps delay things a little bit, perhaps until the day when we can send you to the moon or to some other planet. is that all right with you?
International law and practice would be transformed to "jokes" of this kind if the principle of humanitarianism which my Government and people support—were permitted to be stretched to any extent.
As I have explained, these persons are ROK citizens and the ROK Government considers itself responsible for the destiny also of this group. These 93 persons may have "sinned." But we refuse to give them up as definitely lost. We want to spare this group of ROK citizens the fate that would await them in "north Korea."
Please note that I have now discussed the case of a small group of persons who entered this country illegally after World War II.
Now I want to refer briefly to another "group repatriation" scheme but this time involving so-called permanent Korean residents here, i.e. those who were forcefully moved to Japan between 1910 and 1945.
A high official of the Japan Red Cross recently made a speech in which he gave some fantastic figures of hundreds of thousands of Koreans in this nation who allegedly were trembling of eagerness to be "repatriated to North Korea." And he spoke of North Korea in such glowing terms that one got the impression that he was referring to a paradise on earth. Some segments of the Japanese society are reported to support this "group repatriation to North Korea " movement, also here for "humanitarian reasons."
But, dear readers of the Japan Times, this movement is nothing but a most malicious "political" campaign launched against the current Japan -ROK talks by:
1) The North Korean puppet Regime and
2) Some Japanese groups who do not want to see Japan -ROK problems solved.
Why? Here is a brief outline of the situation:
Japan does recognize the Republic of Korea, as the United Nation has recognized the Government of the Republic of Korea as the only lawful government of Korea. Any dealings with the North Korean puppet regime would of course be strongly opposed by the ROK Government. Thus, groups opposed to the current Japan -ROK over-all talks know that by the so-called "group repatriation" scheme, they could lead to a deterioration in Japan -ROK relations, probably a collapse of the over-all talks.
The Red Cross official quoted earlier spoke of North Korea as if it were a paradise: But he ignored the fact that millions of Koreans in the north have fled that "paradise" since 1945 and that this escape to the south is continuing even today.
The group repatriation scheme is connected with current Japan -ROK discussions on the status and treatment of Korean permanent residents here (Article V). I believe that the Japanese Government will oppose the repatriation-to-North Korea scheme for two reasons: 1) because she respects the sovereign right of the Republic of Korea, and 2) because of "humanitarian reasons," too.
For it could not but be interpreted as an extremely inhumane measure and as a concentrated campaign to get rid of as many Korean residents as possible if Japan were to allow Korean residents-to depart. under the "group repatriation" scheme.
The Republic of Korea and Japan still are discussing a solution of the status and treatment issues including property rights of Korean residents in Japan.
It Is a well-known fact that followers here of the North Korean puppet regime have been distributing money to impaverished Korean residents in Japan "here is some money" just sign the repatriation list." In addition, the North Korean puppet regime has said that any Koreans in Japan willing to be "reratriated" to North Korea would be assured of jobs and houses and comfortable living.
There are two main aims of this Red campaign of bribes and "promises." 1) to wreck the Japan -ROK over-all talks, and 2) to get new slavery manpower in replacement of those Koreans who fled to the South.
If anyone wants to argue that it is better to send hundreds of thousands of Koreans here to slavery in North Korea than keeping them here where they are without jobs, without homes and living in poverty-- that would only serve to prove that he is deaf to "humanitrianism" and that the Korean residents brought here between 1910 and 1945 are being discriminated against and are living in extreme poverty just because of this discrimination. The Government of the Republic of Korea has the due right to protect these people who are nationals of the Republic of Korea.
Japan cannot abdicate her responsibility of providing the 1910- 1945 group with employment and decent living conditions by turning this group over to a regime whose terror already has made millions of people flee to the South.
I hope that you are now convinced that not a single Korean resident should ever be handed over to the North Korean puppet regime from the legal standpoint and also by references to "humanitarian reasons."
If, however, and persons should continue to support the "group-repatriation-to-North-Korea " scheme, I would dare say that they do so only because of ignorance of the true picture of the scheme or because they want to sabotage the current attempts of Japan and the Republic of Korea to settle pending issues and improve Japan -ROK relations.
색인어
- 이름
- Notusuke Kishi, Briggs, Chung W. Cho, Chung W. Cho, Fujiyama, Yiu Tai Ha, Aiichiro Fujiyama, Fujiyama, Ira H. Nunn, Fujiyama, Fujiyama, Nikita Khrushehev, Yiu Tai Ha, Yiu, Tai Ha, Yiu Tai Ha, Yia Tai Ha
- 지명
- Japan, Japan, Korea, Japan, ROK, Japan, ROK, Japan, Asia, United States, Korea, Japan, Korea, Japan, Korea, Japan, Japan, Korea, Japan, Japan, Japan, Korea, Japan, Japan, Japan, Japan, the United States, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Japan, Japan, communist-occupied north Korea, Korea, Japan, Republic of Korea, Japan, Korea, Japan, Japan, communist north Korea, Korea, Japan, Asia, Korea, the south, Japan, Tokyo, Japan, communist north Korea, Japan, north Korea, Japan, Japan, north Korea, Japan, Korea, Japan, Japan, Japan, Korea, Japan, Japan, Japan, Japan, north Korea, Japan, Japan, Korea, Japan, Asia, Korea, Japan, Japan, northern part of Korea, Japan, north Korea, Korea, Japan, Japan, north Korea, Japan, Japan, Republic of Korea, Japan, Japan, Japan, north Korea, Japan, Japan, Japan, Japan, Japan, north Korea, Japan, southern part of Korea, the Republic of Korea, Japan, Korea, Japan, Republic of Korea, the Republic of Korea, Japan, north Korea, Republic of Korea, the Republic of Korea, Japan, Korea, Japan, Japan, northern part of Korea, Republic of Korea, Japan, Korea, Japan, Japan, Korea, Japan, Japan, Japan, Korea, Japan, Japan, Japan, Korea, Japan, the Repubic of Korea, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Japan, the Republic of Korea, the northern part of Korea, Japan, Korea, Japan, Japan, the northern part of Korea, Korea, Japan, Republic of Korea, north Korea, the ROK, Japan, north Korea, the Pyongyang puppet regime, Japan, Japan, Japan, Japan, Japan, Republic of Korea, Japan, Pyongyang, north Korea, Pyongyang, Japan, ROK, Japan, Pyongyang, Japan, north Korea, the Republic of Korea, South Korea, Republic of Korea, Japan, Japan, north Korea, Japan, Japan, Japan, Pyongyang, north Korea, the South, Panmunjom, Pyongyang, Panmunjom, Seoul, North Korea, North Korea, North Korea, Japan, north Korea, Soviet, Japan, Republic of Korea, Japan, north Korea, Far East, north Korea, The Republic of Korea, north Korea, Far East, Japan, Japan, Japan, Japan, Japan, Japan, Asia, Japan, West Berlin, United States, Japan, Arab, Asia, Japan, Asia, ROK, Washington, Japan, Republic of Korea, the United States, Red China, Red China, US, ROK, Japan, United States, United States, Red China, Japan, United States, Red China, Japan, ROK, America, Japan, Korea, Red Chinese, Free China, Japan, Japan, northern part of Korea, Japan, Japan, Republic of Korea, Japan, north Korea, ROK, Tokyo, Far East, Seoul, Japan, Japan, Korea, Korea, Japan, Japan, Korea, Korea, the United States, China, Japan, Japan, Japan, Japan, Japan, Japan, Japan, Korea, Japan, Japan, Japan, Far East, Japan, Japan, Japan, Japan, Japan, ROK, Korea, Japan, Russia, Japan, Japan, Japan, Korea, Japan, Japan, Japan, Japan, Korea, Japan, Japan, Japan, the Republic of Korea, US, Mexico, Japan, South Sakhalin, Japan, ROK, Japan, The ROK, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Japan, Japan, Omura, Japan, Japan, Republic of Korea, Japan, the Republic of Korea, the northern Communist-occupied part of Korea, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Japan, Republic of Korea, Japan, North Korea, Japan, Japan, North Korea, North Korea, North Korea, southern part of Korea, Japan, Japan, southern part of Korea, ROK, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Republic of Korea, ROK, Omura, North Korea, North Pole, ROK, ROK, north Korea, Japan, North Korea, North Korea, North Korea, Japan, ROK, Japan, ROK, Japan, Republic of Korea, Japan, ROK, Japan, ROK, North Korea, Japan, ROK, North Korea, Republic of Korea, Japan, The Republic of Korea, Japan, Japan, Japan, Japan, North Korea, Japan, ROK, the South, North Korea, the Republic of Korea, Japan, the South, North-Korea, Japan, Republic of Korea, Japan, ROK
- 관서
- the Japanese Government, the Korean Government, the Japanese Government, the Korean Government, the Japanese Foreign Ministry, Japanese Foreign Ministry, the Japanese Foreign Ministry, the Korean Government, the Government of Japan, The Government of the Republic of Korea, The Korean Government, the Japanese Government, The Goverment of the Republic of Korea, Government of Korea, the Japanese Government, The Mission, The Government of Japan, north Korean puppet regime, Korean Government, Government of Japan, Japanese Goverment, the Korean Government, Government of the ROK, the ROK Government, Japanese Government, Japanese Goverment, U. S. Navy, the Japanese Government, Japanese Government, ROK Government, ROK Navy, Japanese Cabinet, the Japanese Government, ROK Navy, north Korean puppet regime, U.S. State Department, Korean government, The ROK Government, the Japanese Government, The ROK Government, Japanese Cabinet, Japanese Government, the Japanese authorities, Japanese welfare Ministry, the Government of Japan, The ROK Government, the Japanese Government, ROK Government, ROK authorities, US authorities, Japanese Foreign Office, the Japanese Justice Ministry, The ROK Government, ROK Government's, the ROK Government, Japanese Government, ROK Goverment, ROK Government, The North Korean puppet, the Government of the Republic of Korea, government of Korea, the North Korean puppet regime, ROK Government, the Japanese Government, North Korean puppet regime, North Korean puppet regime, The Government of the Republic of Korea, North Korean puppet regime
- 단체
- United Nations allies, the Chinese, north Korean communists, the Korean Mission in Japan, the Korean Mission, Korean Mission, The north Korean communist, the United Nations, the Korean Mission in Japan, the Korean Mission in Japan, Korean Mission in Tokyo, committee of the ROK-Japan overall talks in Tokyo, International Red Cross, IRC, International Red Cross, International Red Cross, Joint Working Committee, the Working Committee, Japan Red Cross, Japan Red Cross, United Nation, The Red Cross
- 문서
- AFP, Mission's Note Verbale, Note Verbale, Japan Times, Japan Times, Japan Times
- 기타
- U. P. I., the Peace Line, New York Herald Tribune, the Declaration of Human Rights, United Press International, United press International, United Press International, U.N. Human Right Declaration, United States-Mexico Peace Treaty, Danzing Agreement between Germany and Poland, the 1905 Portsmouth Treaty between Japan and Russia, Danzing Agreement
