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한일회담외교문서

재일한인 집단 북송에 대한 대한민국 정부와 국제적십자위원회의 입장

  • 날짜
    1959년
  • 문서종류
    기타
  • 형태사항
    영어 
▣...▣ OF MASS EXPULSION OF KOREAN RESIDENT IN JAPAN TO NORTH OF KOREA
I. Since the CAP period, it has been the covert policy of the Japanese Government to encourage naturalization of well-to-do koreans in Japan and to excel out of Japan as many impoverished Koreans as possible. Along the line of this policy, Japan has long since contemplated to expel those Koreans out of Japan even to north Korea, and the policy of the Japanese Government has gradually become overt since shortly before and after of 1955.
II. In order to justify its stand, the Japanese Government for a considerable time resorted to the theory of "deportation of aliens" in international Law, intentionally abusing the theory. The Japanese Government, however, faced with difficulty in forcing its way through, has undertaken to fabricate disguised theory that the Koreans in Japan has spontaneously expressed their will for repatriation to north Korea and the Japanese Government, accordingly has accepted their desire. Consequently, the Japanese Government, extremely disconcerted in its attempt to fabricate sophistication of its own, embarked upon beating a drum to a distorted version of "the principle of freedom of choice of residence" to cunningly justify the conclusion which had previously been arrived at for the implementation of its policy.
III. Japan had no alternative but having the Red Cross society in the forefront to defend its concocted banner of "humanitarianism". Particularly, she has exhaustively tempted to utilize the machinery of International Committee of the Red Cross.
IV. Although there is no conciusive evidence to show what Japan had negotiated on with the ICRC shortly before and after 1955, it is still a puzzle for us why the ICRC, by its memorandum of July 16, 1956, first set forth the idea which encouraged Japan to pursue the policy of mass expulsion of Koreans in Japan. The riddle, however, might partly be solved if one recalls the fact that the Japanese Government formally notified the Korean Government of its decision to expel the Koreans in Japan to north Korea in February 1956.
V. The ICRC made a proposal on July 16, 1956 to the Cross Societies of Korea and Japan and the north Korean puppet regime's Red Cross in regard to "The problem presented by certain Korean nationals living at present either in Japan or Korea itself who wished to find a home of their choice on Korean soil". The core of the proposal was that the ICRC would render its cooperation in the "repatriation" issue provided that the Red Cross societies of the Republic of Korea, Japan and north Korean puppet regime agreed on freedom of choice of residence to be granted to the Koreans living either in Japan or in Korea. Though the ICRC did not attempt to fully explain in respect of the proposal, it is presumed that the ICRC had in mind; 1) repatriation of Korean kidnappees detained in north Korea, 2) proceeding to north Korea of the communist elements residing in south Korea, 3) deportation of Koreans in Japan and 4) repatriation of some Koreans in Japan to the Republic of Korea.
VI. The above-mentioned four-point proposal is nick-named "Master Formula" or "Enlarged Formula" by the Japanese. It appears, however, highly unreasonable to bargain away the Koreans referred to in item four tor expulsion of Koreans in Japan to north Korea, since they have always been and will be alleed to repatriate themselves to south Korea if they so apply. Now, item two seems genuinely purported to allow a handful of communists in south Korea to proceed to north Korea or, if this is not the case, to bring about disturbance of public minds in south Korea. Thus, if we analize items one and three in contrast with each other, we can safely draw a conclusion that the above proposal is essentially aimed at realization of mass expulsion to north Korea of the Koreans in Japan by utilizing the earnest desire of the Republic of Korea for repatriation of our kidnapped brethren of the Korean war. We, therefore, can not help but cast suspicion over whether the proposal had been genuinely made by the ICRC in its spirit of upholding the principles of neutrality and impartiality or the ICRC had simply presented it on behalf of Japan and north Korea who had presumably fabricated the proposal.
VII. Thus, the ICRC made a proposal for four-party "Geneva Conference" including itself and repeated the proposal on August 5, 1956. The Korean Red Cross society sent a replying letter to the ICRC, a copy of which is attached hereto.
VIII. The ICRC reiterated the above proposal on December 12, 1956 and it proposed again on February 26, 1957, when Korea and Japan were negotiating for the resumption of Korea -Japan taIks, the following eight-point proposal generally along the same line with the previcus one:
i. Provided that the Red Cross Societies and authorities of the countries of present residence and destination agree to the conditions set forth under item 2 to 8 below, the nternational committee of the Red Cross would send a special mission to Japan to examine requests for repatriation submitted by the Korean nationals and to verify the freely expressed will of those persons in regard to their choice of a place of residence.
ii. The Japanese Red Cross shall make available all the necessary technical machinery for receiving requests for repatriation, submitting them to the ICRC mission and enabling contacts to be established between the Mission and the applicants for repatriation.
iii. The material condition of the repatriated persons' departure (luggage, money, disposal of possible property in Japan ) shall be arranged by agreement between the Red Cross societies and the authorities of the countries of present residence and destination. This shall also apply to the supplying of repatriation lists and the schedule of repatriations. The International Committee of the Red Cross is prepared to act as an intermediary for the settlement of these questions.
iv. The International Committee of the Red Cross is also prepared, if necessary, to help in the obtaining of transit visas required.
v. The direct responsibility of the International Committee of the Red Cross shall be confined to items 1 to 4 above.
ⅵ. The means of transport from the country of present residence shall be supplied by he Red Cross society and the Japanese authorities, who shall also be responsible for making up the convoys to the embarkation ports and arranging for temporary accomodation of persons being repatriated, if required.
ⅶ. The taking over of repatriated persons by the Red Cross society and the authorities of the country of the repatriated persons' choice, and the journey to the destination named by them, shall be the responsibility of that society and those authorities on the arrival of the repatriates on national soil or, in the event of transit through a third country, as soon as they arrive in that country.
ⅷ. The cost of the repatriation operations shall be borne by the Red Cross societies of the country of present residence and the country of destination on the basis of 50% for each party concerned.
IX. Following the above eight-point proposal made by the ICRC, the position of the Japanese Government on the question of mass expulsion of Koreans in Japan to north Korea has definitely taken a positive character. At that time, Korea and Japan were conducting negotiations for the resumption of 4-th Korea -Japan over-all talks and mutual release and repatriation of detainees (preliminary negotiations) and Japan, therefore, did not bring to light its plan of mass expulsion to north Korea of Koreans in Japan lest such action should bring about adverse consequences upon the expected release and repatriation of Japanese fishermen estimated at 922 who had been detained in Pusan.
X. The Japanese Government, however, assured of the possibility of release and repatriation of the Japanese fishermen upon the signing on December 31, 1957 of documents relating to the resumption of the Korea -Japan over-all talks and mutual release and repatriation of the detainees, finally made clear its hedious intention. The Japanese plan regerding 104 Korean detainees of "Omura " was a part of its scheme, Although it may be argued that these 104 Koreans who smuggled into Japan subsequent to the world war II differ in category from those Koreans who had resided in Japan since prior to the termination of the World war II, the problem of Koreans of both categories including that of repatriation could be treated on the same basis, so far as the ICRC was concerned. We are at a loss to understand, why the Japanese Government, being cognisant certainly of this fact, at that time, gave oral commitments, without requesting the ICRC for its help at the political conference between Korea and Japan, that "they would not sent the Koreans to north Korea " in downright contradiction to what they term as "humanitarianism" and "freedom of choice of residence"?
XI. The Japanese Government assumed itself as if it had accepted the previous offer of the ICRC and tactfully said it in its Note Verbale of February 13, 1959.
XII. As the Korean Government has repeatedly made it clear and notified of it to the ICRC on a number of occasions, this problem should in its nature be settled at the political conference between Korea and Japan. Therefore, there is no room to intervene in the question for the ICRC as an organization avowing to, among others, the principle of non-intervention in the political issue, This is particularly so when it is remembered that Korea and Japan already agreed to settle the question at the over-all talks between Korea and Japan.

색인어
지명
Japan, Japan, Japan, Japan, north Korea, Japan, north Korea, Japan, Japan, Japan, Japan, Japan, north Korea, Japan, Korea, Japan, Japan, Korea, north Korea, north Korea, south Korea, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Japan, north Korea, south Korea, south Korea, north Korea, south Korea, north Korea, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Japan, north Korea, Geneva, Korea, Japan, Korea, Japan, Japan, Japan, Japan, north Korea, Korea, Japan, Korea, Japan, Japan, north Korea, Japan, Pusan, Korea, Japan, Omura, Japan, Japan, Korea, Japan, north Korea, Korea, Japan, Korea, Japan, Korea, Japan
관서
the Japanese Government, Japanese Government, Japanese Government, The Japanese Government, the Japanese Government, Japanese Government, the Japanese Government, Korean Government, the Japanese authorities, the Japanese Government, Japanese Government, the Japanese Government, The Japanese Government, Korean Government
단체
the Red Cross society, International Committee of the Red Cross, the ICRC, the ICRC, ICRC, the Cross Societies of Korea and Japan, the north Korean puppet regime's Red Cross, the ICRC, the Red Cross societies of the Republic of Korea, the ICRC, the ICRC, the ICRC, the ICRC, the ICRC, The Korean Red Cross society, the ICRC, ICRC, the Red Cross Societies, the nternational committee of the Red Cross, The Japanese Red Cross, the ICRC, the Red Cross societies, The International Committee of the Red Cross, The International Committee of the Red Cross, the International Committee of the Red Cross, Red Cross society, the Red Cross society, the Red Cross societies, the ICRC, the ICRC, the ICRC, the ICRC, the ICRC, the ICRC
문서
memorandum, Note Verbale
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재일한인 집단 북송에 대한 대한민국 정부와 국제적십자위원회의 입장 자료번호 : kj.d_0008_0040_1780