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근대한국외교문서

2차 조영조약의 조항별 분석 보고

후속 조치 및 비준
  • 발신자
    H.S. Parkes
  • 수신자
    G.L.G. Granville
  • 발송일
    1883년 12월 31일(음)(1883년 12월 31일)
  • 수신일
    1884년 2월 28일(음)(1884년 2월 28일)
  • 출전
    FO 405/34; BDFA p. 219-28; AADM p. 419.
Sir H.S. Parkes to Earl Granville.—(Received February 28, 1884)

(No. 70) Peking, December 31, 1883

My Lord,

I HAVE the honour to enclose some observations on each Article of the Treaty signed at Söul on the 26th ultimo, which are intended to supplement my General Report on this subject of the 6th instant. (despatch No. 42)
I could have wished to have extended these observations to the Regulations of Trade and Tariff, but I am obliged, at present, to defer doing so.

I have, &c.
(Signed)  HARRY S. PARKES

Treaty between Great Britain and Corea, signed at Söul, November 26, 1883; with Observations by Sir H.S. Parkes.

ARTICLE I

1. There shall be perpetual peace and friendship between Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Empress of India, her heirs and successors, and His Majesty the King of Corea, his heirs and successors, and between their respective dominions and subjects, who shall enjoy full security and protection for their persons and property within the dominions of the other.
2. In case of differences arising between one of the High Contracting Parties and a third Power, the other High Contracting Party, if requested to do so, shall exert its good offices to bring about an amicable arrangement.

Section 1. The Queen’s title of “Empress of India” is inserted.
The King is termed “the King of Corea,” instead of “King of Chosen” as in Admiral Willes’ Treaty, and the word “Corea” is substituted for “Chosen” throughout this Treaty with the full approval of the Corean Plenipotentiary.
Section 2. This section is differently worded to the corresponding passage in Article I of Admiral Willes’ Treaty, but it satisfied the Corean Plenipotentiary, who attached great importance to its insertion. It was especially alluded to by the King, when His Majesty received both Herr Zappe and myself, as a provision which had afforded His Majesty much gratification.

ARTICLE II

1. The High Contracting Parties may each appoint a Diplomatic Representative to reside permanently or temporarily at the capital of the other, and may appoint a Consul-General, Consuls, or Vice-Consuls to reside at any or all of the ports or places of the other which are open to foreign commerce. The Diplomatic Representative and Consular functionaries of both countries shall freely enjoy the same facilities for communication, personally or in writing, with the authorities of the country where they respectively reside, together with all other privileges and immunities as are enjoyed by Diplomatic or Consular functionaries in other countries.
2. The Diplomatic Representative and the Consular functionaries of each Power, and the members of their official establishments, shall have the right to travel freely in any part of the dominions of the other, and the Corean authorities shall furnish passport to such British officers travelling in Corea, and shall provide such escort for their protection as may be necessary.
3. The Consular officers of both countries shall exercise their functions on receipt of due authorization from the Sovereign or Government of the country in which they respectively reside, and shall not be permitted to engage in trade.

Section 1. Under this section it will not be necessary to appoint a permanent Diplomatic Representative to Corea unless this should be desired by Her Majesty’s Government. The British
Consular functionaries will enjoy the same facilities of communication, personally or in writing, with the Corean authorities as they enjoy in any other country. This provision will prevent questions arising on the point of relative rank, such as those alluded to in the letter of the Hong Kong Chamber of Commerce of the 20th January, 1883.
Section 2 may appear superfluous in view of section 6 of Article IV, which gives the right to all British subjects to travel under passport in Corea, but considering the difficulties which have occurred in China, it may be well in an unknown country like Corea that the Corean authorities should be made directly responsible for the security of British functionaries.
Section 3. This wording will enable the special form of Exequatur to be dispensed with, if it should not be required, and will facilitate the authorization of provisional Consular appointments.

ARTICLE III

1. Jurisdiction over the persons and property of British subjects in Corea shall be vested exclusively in the duly authorized British judicial authorities, who shall hear and determine all cases brought against British subjects by any British or other foreign subject or citizen without the intervention of the Corean authorities.
2. If the Corean authorities or a Corean subject make any charge or complaint against a British subject in Corea, the case shall be heard and decided by the British judicial authorities.
3. If the British authorities or a British subject make any charge or complaint against a Corean subject in Corea, the case shall be heard and decided by the Corean authorities.
4. A British subject who commits any offence in Corea shall be tried and punished by the British judicial authorities, according to the laws of Great Britain.
5. A Corean subject who commits any offence against a British subject shall be tried and punished by the Corean authorities, according to the laws of Corea.
6. Any complaint against a British subject involving a penalty or confiscation by reason of any breach either of this Treaty or of any Regulation annexed thereto, or of any Regulation that may hereafter be made in virtue of its provisions, shall be brought before the British judicial authorities for decision, and any penalty imposed, and all property confiscated in such cases, shall belong to the Corean Government.
7. British goods, when seized by the Corean authorities at an open port, shall be put under the seals of the Corean and the British Consular authorities, and shall be detained by the former until the British judicial authorities shall have given their decision. If this decision is in favour of the owner of the goods, they shall be immediately placed at the Consul’s disposal. But the owner shall be allowed to receive them at once on deposition of their value with the Corean authorities pending the decision of the British judicial authorities.
8. In all cases, whether civil or criminal, tried either in Corean or British Courts in Corea, a properly authorized official of the nationality of the plaintiff or prosecutor shall be allowed to attend the hearing, and shall be treated with the courtesy due to his position. He shall be allowed, whenever he thinks it necessary, to call, examine, and cross-examine witnesses, and to protest against the proceedings or decision.
9. If a Corean subject who is charged with an offence against the laws of his country takes refuge on premises occupied by a British subject, or on board a British merchant-vessel, the British Consular authorities, on receiving an application from the Corean authorities, shall take steps to have such person arrested and handed over to the latter for trial. But without the consent of the proper British Consular authority, no Corean officer shall enter the premises of any British subject without his consent, or go on board any British ship without the consent of the officer in charge.
10. On the demand of any competent British Consular authority, the Corean authorities shall arrest and deliver to the former any British subject charged with a criminal offence, and any deserter from a British ship of war or merchant-vessel.

Section 1. The first sentence of this section really covers the remainder, which was added by the wish of the German Government, and it may be said that it also covers section 2, 3, 4, and 5. The details of those clauses, however, add distinctness to the absolute nature of the jurisdiction over British subjects in Corea, which is thus conceded to the Queen in far clearer terms than those of the Chinese and Japanese Treaties. The provision in section 2 that the Corean authorities must also sue or prosecute British subjects in a British Court is useful in view of the contention still maintained in China, and at one time in Japan, that the authorities of those countries need not proceed against British subjects in a British Court.
Sections 6 and 7 also give complete jurisdiction to British Courts in all cases of confiscation or penalty for any breach of Treaty or Regulations, or of seizure of goods by the Corean Customs. The value of this provision is obvious when the arbitrary practice of the Chinese Government in such cases is considered, and also the imperfect nature of the procedure which has consequently to be adopted in China.
Section 8 secures efficiency and fairness in the trial of all cases in Corean Courts in which a British subject is concerned.
Section 9 clearly provides for the inviolability both of the premises of British subjects in Corea and of British vessels in Corean waters. This and section 10 are useful additions to my draft Treaty. The sentence relative to deserters from ships of war was suggested by the German Government, and I added to it deserters from merchant-vessels also.
Herr Zappe and myself having thus stipulated that German and British offenders or deserters should be surrendered unconditionally, we felt that we could not demand, as suggested by the Hong Kong Chamber of Commerce, that Coreans charged with offences, and taking refuge in the premises or vessels of our people, should only be surrendered by our Consular authorities on the latter “being satisfied as to the justice of the charge made.” This condition might involve much contention and even judicial investigation, which those authorities would have no right to demand or power to conduct.

ARTICLE IV

1. The ports of Chemulpho (Jenchuan), Wönsan (Gensan), and Pusan (Fusan), or, if the latter port should not be approved, then such other port as may be selected in its neighbourhood, together with the city of Hanyang and the town of Yanghwachin, or such other place in that neighbourhood as may be deemed desirable, shall, from the day on which this Treaty comes into operation, be opened to British commerce.
2. At the above-named places British subjects shall have the right to rent or to purchase land or house, and to erect dwellings, warehouses, and factories. They shall be allowed the free exercise of their religion. All arrangements for the selection, determination of the limits, and laying out of the sites of the foreign settlements, and for the sale of land at the various ports and places in Corea open to foreign trade, shall be made by the Corean authorities in conjunction with the competent foreign authorities.
3. These sites shall be purchased from the owners, and prepared for occupation by the Corean Government, and the expense thus incurred shall be a first charge on the proceeds of the sale of the land. The yearly rental agreed upon by the Corean authorities in conjunction with the foreign authorities shall be paid to the former, who shall retain a fixed amount thereof as a fair equivalent for the land tax, and the remainder, together with any balance left from the proceeds of land sales, shall belong to a municipal fund to be administered by a Council, the constitution of which shall be determined hereafter by the Corean authorities in conjunction with the competent foreign authorities.
4. British subjects may rent or purchase land or houses beyond the limits of the foreign settlements, and within a distance of 10 Corean li from the same. But all land so occupied shall be subject to such conditions as to the observance of Corean local regulations and payment of land tax as the Corean authorities may see fit to impose.
5. The Corean authorities will set apart, free of cost, at each of the places open to trade, a suitable piece of ground as a foreign cemetery, upon which no rent, land tax, or other charges shall be payable, and the management of which shall be left to the Municipal Council above mentioned.
6. British subjects shall be allowed to go where they please without passports within a distance of 100 Corean li from any of the ports and places open to trade, or within such limits as may be agreed upon between the competent authorities of both countries. British subjects are also authorized to travel in Corea for pleasure or for purposes of trade, to transport and sell goods of all kinds, except books and other printed matter disapproved of by the Corean Government, and to purchase native produce in all parts of the country, under passports which will be issued by their Consuls and countersigned or sealed by the Corean local authorities. These passports, if demanded, must be produced for examination in the districts passed through. If the passport be not irregular, the bearer will be allowed to proceed, and he shall be at liberty to procure such means of transport as he may require. Any British subject travelling beyond the limits above named without a passport, or committing when in the interior any offence, shall be arrested and handed over to the nearest British Consul for punishment. Travelling without a passport beyond the said limits will render the offender liable to a fine not exceeding 100 Mexican dollars, with or without imprisonment for a term not exceeding one month.
7. British subjects in Corea shall be amenable to such municipal, police, and other regulations for the maintenance of peace, order, and good government, as may be agreed upon by the competent authorities of the two countries.

Section 1 opens to British trade the three ports named, the town of Yanghwachin, which is situated on the Han River within 5 miles of the capital, and also the capital itself, known to foreigners as Söul (or “capital”), but the proper Corean name of which is Hanyang. Choice, however, may be made of another town in the neigbourhood of Yanghwachin, and of another port in the neighbourhood of Pusan, if that port should not be approved. Reserve in these two cases was rendered necessary by imperfect information. Yanghwachin had been named both by the Japanese and Chinese in their arrangements with the Corean Government; but I learned that Mapu, which is in the immediate vicinity of the former, may prove a more desirable location. This is a point of small importance, but the option which may be exercised in the case of the port of Pusan is more material. Pusan has the advantage of a good harbour and of being the port at which the Japanese have traded for centuries with Corea. But it has no water communication with the interior, while Masanpo, situated at the mouth of the Naktong River, and distant only about 30 miles from Pusan, possesses accessibility to inland navigation, and also a harbour which is believed to be superior to that of Pusan. Much of the produce which is exported from Pusan is brought down that river and passes Masanpo on its way to Pusan. It could, therefore, be shipped with greater ease at the former port, as, in order to get to Pusan, the native boats have to go our into the open sea and to contend with strong coast gales, for which they are unfitted. Trade doubtless follows beaten tracks, but not when better ones can be chosen. It is scarcely desirable that British commerce should be bound to run in an antiquated Japanese groove, in which the new-comers would be placed at a disadvantage, for the natural reason that at Pusan the Japanese have long occupied the best position for a settlement, and have attained a present ascendency with the people of the neighbourhood. I am inclined to think, therefore, that, looking to the future rather than to the past, Masanpo is better adapted than Pusan to meet the greater stimulus to commercial activity which our advent may be expected to create in Corea. The question, however, is one which obviously requires further consideration, and also a careful inspection of the respective localities, before it is finally determined.
Section 2 and 3 contain several pregnant provisions. They provide for the purchase of land by British subjects at the open ports, and for the inclusion of manufacturing establishments in the constructions which they may erect upon such property. In making this provision I had in view the difficulties on this point which have lately been experienced in China. I also trust that the stipulations respecting the formation and government of the future foreign settlements in Corea will obviate the troubles which have arisen in regard to the management of such settlements both in China and Japan. By section 4 British subjects may occupy land and houses beyond th limits of those settlements if they please, but in that case they will become subject to Corean Regulations. Free cemeteries, under the management of the foreigners themselves, provided by section 5, secures a right on which the Japanese Government have lately raised vexatious contention.
Section 6 opens the interior of Corea to travel or trade on similar terms to those which exist in China, but which ar still withheld in Japan. I need not observe that the sentence, “except books and other printed matter disapproved of by the Corean Government,” is attributable to the insistance of the Corean Plenipotentiary. The phrase is a compromise of much more objectionable wording, which the Corean Government desired to direct against missionary enterprise. As it stands it may be held to apply to seditious or obscene literature, to which the Corean Government have an undoubted right to object, but which I could not consent to be named in the same category as religious publications. I did not consider it desirable to seek for special privileges for missionaries, as I saw, from the present apprehensive feeling of the Corean Government on this point, that I might have wrecked the Treaty by raising the question; but the same rights are secured to that class as to other British subjects, and the judicious exercise of those rights will afford ample opportunities for the fulfillment of a zealous and sacred vocation without occasioning offence to the powers that be.
By section 7 British subjects resident in Corea are amenable only to such municipal, police, or other regulations affecting their government as may be agreed upon by the competent authorities of the two countries. On the value of this provision, or on the kindred condition contained in section 8 of Article V, I need not remark. I regard them as two of the most important clauses of the Treaty, as they secure to Her Majesty’s Government a controlling voice in any arrangements that may be needed either for the trade, the comfort, or the well-being of Her Majesty’s subjects who may choose to settle in Corea.

ARTICLE V

1. At each of the ports or place open to foreign trade, British subjects shall be at full liberty to import from any foreign port or from any Corean open port, to sell to or to buy from any Corean subjects or others, and to export to any foreign or Corean open port, all kinds of merchandize not prohibited by this Treaty, on paying the duties of the Tariff annexed thereto. They may freely transact their business with Corean subjects or others without the intervention of Corean officials or other persons, and they may freely engage in any industrial occupation.
2. The owners or consignees of all goods imported from any foreign port upon which the duty of the aforesaid Tariff shall have been paid shall be entitled, on re-exporting the same to any foreign port at any time within thirteen Corean months of the date of importation, to receive a drawback certificate for the amount of such import duty, provided that the original packages containing such goods remain intact. These drawback certificates shall either be redeemed by the Corean Customs on demand, or they shall be received in payment of duty at any Corean open port.
3. The duty paid on Corean goods, when carried from one Corean open port to another, shall be refunded at the port of shipment on production of a Customs certificate showing that the goods have arrived at the port of destination, or on satisfactory proof being produced of the loss of the goods by shipwreck.
4. All goods imported into Corea by British subjects, and on which the duty of the Tariff annexed to this Treaty shall have been paid, may be conveyed to any Corean open port free of duty, and when transported into interior shall not be subject to any additional tax, excise or transit duty whatsoever in any part of the country. In like manner full freedom shall be allowed for the transport to the open ports of all Corean commodities intended for exportation, and such commodities shall not, either at the place of production or when being conveyed from any part of Corea to any of the open ports, be subject to the payment of any tax, excise or transit duty whatsoever.
5. The Corean Government may charter British merchant-vessels for the conveyance of goods or passengers to unopened ports in Corea, and Corean subjects shall have the same right, subject to the approval of their own authorities.
6. Whenever the Government of Corea shall have reason to apprehend a scarcity of food within the kingdom, His Majesty the King of Corea may, by Decree, temporarily prohibit the export of grain to foreign countries from any or all of the Corean open ports, and such prohibition shall become binding on British Subjects in Corea on the expiration of one month from the date on which it shall have been officially communicated by the Corean authorities to the British Consul at the port concerned, but shall not remain longer in force than is absolutely necessary.
7. All British ships shall pay tonnage dues at the rate of 30 cents (Mexican) per register ton. One such payment will entitle a vessel to visit any or all of the open ports in Corea during a period of four months without further charge. All tonnage dues shall be appropriated for the purpose of erecting lighthouses and beacons and placing buoys on the Corean coasts, more especially at the approaches to the open ports, and in deepening or otherwise improving the anchorages. No tonnage dues shall be charged on boats employed at the open ports in landing or shipping cargo.
8. In order to carry into effect and secure the observance of the provisions of this Treaty, it is hereby agreed that the Tariff and Trade Regulations hereto annexed shall come into operation simultaneously with this Treaty. The competent authorities of the two countries may from time to time revise the said Regulations with a view to the insertion therein, by mutual consent, of such modifications or additions as experience shall prove to be expedient.

Section 1 secures trade to British subjects both from and to foreign ports and from or to any Corean open port; it also provides that they may conduct their business free of any interference, and also that they may freely engage at the open ports in any industrial occupation.
Section 2 provides for drawback of duty being paid on goods re-exported within thirteen Corean months, which cover a year of the foreign calendar. I think this term is sufficient in the case of the Corean trade, which, for some time at least, is likely to he an offshoot of the trade with China and Japan.
Section 3 provides that Corean goods or produce may be carried practically free of duty between one open port of Corea and another, instead of paying a duty of 2½ per cent., as is the case in China.
Section 4 provides that goods that have once paid the duty of the Import Tariff may be conveyed to any other open port, and also to any part of the interior, free of any tax, excise or transit duty whatsoever; and it also secures the same freedom from charges of any kind to Corean commodities in transitu intended for exportation. In China all goods in which foreigners are interested are liable, when conveyed from the Treaty ports to the interior, or when brought down from the interior to the same ports, to a transit duty of 2½ per cent.; but this payment does not free those goods from any additional charges that the Chinese local authorities may choose to impose, either, in the case of foreign imports, after they have been disposed of by the person who paid the transit duty, or, in the case of native exports, before they pass into the hands of the person who has to pay that duty. By this section trade in Corea, whether in imports or exports, will be freed both from transit duty and from all burdens of the nature named, and the single payment of the duty of the Tariff will frank all commodities in transitu throughout the country, whether these are being conveyed from the open ports to the interior, or from the interior to the open ports for exportation.
Section 5 enables British vessels to run between other than the open ports for the conveyance of goods or passengers, subject to the approval of the Corean Government.
Section 6 provides for the export of grain from the Corean ports being prohibited in times of scarcity. This condition was desired by the Corean Government, but is of no importance to ourselves. Scarcity of grain in Corea will stimulate importation by foreigners rather that its export.
Section 7 provides for tonnage dues at the rate of 30 cents per register ton, one payment to enable a vessel to run between Corean ports for a period of four months. This rate is less than half of that named in Admiral Willes’ Treaty, and is about half the rate which is levied in China, but I think it is as high as the trade will bear. It is, however, also provided that the trade shall have the whole benefit of the charges, as these hues are to be appropriated to lighting the harbours and coasts, and to the improvement of the anchorages. Cargo lighters will be free from payment of tonnage dues, a condition which was suggested by the attempt recently made in China to subject these boats to that charge.

ARTICLE VI

Any British subject who smuggles, or attempts to smuggle, goods into any Corean port or place not open to foreign trade, shall forfeit twice the value of such goods, and the goods shall be confiscated. The Corean local authorities may seize such goods, and may arrest any British subject concerned in such smuggling or attempt to smuggle. They shall immediately forward any person so arrested to the nearest British Consul for trial by the proper British judicial authority, and may detain such goods until the case shall have been finally adjudicated.

This Article gives sole jurisdiction to the British Courts in all cases of smuggling at Corean ports not opened to trade. The penalty for the offence is confiscation of the condemned goods and forfeiture of twice their value. Admiral Willes’ Treaty provided (Article III) in imitation of that in force in China, that a vessel concerned in such smuggling, together with her cargo, should be seized and confiscated, and as no provision was made to the contrary, this heavy penalty could be inflicted, as the Hong Kong Chamber of Commerce pointed out, “by the Corean authorities of their own motion, and with or without trial, subject to no investigation by, or appeal to, British officials.” The injustice of such a condition is obvious, as any individual on board a ship might, by attempting to smuggle a small venture of his own, expose the innocent owners of the ship and cargo to overwhelming loss. By this Article the penalty will be inflicted on the offending party, it will bear a just proportion to the extent of the offence, and it will be determined by the sentence of a British Court. The Corean Plenipotentiary was perfectly satisfied with this arrangement.

ARTICLE VII

1. If a British ship be wrecked or stranded on the coast of Corea, the local authorities shall immediately take steps to protect the ship and her cargo from plunder, and all the persons belonging to her from ill-treatment, and to render such other assistance as may be required. They shall at once inform the nearest British Consul of the occurrence, and shall furnish the shipwrecked persons, if necessary, with means of conveyance to the nearest open port.
2. All expenses incurred by the Government of Corea for the rescue, clothing, maintenance, and travelling of shipwrecked British subjects, for the recovery of the bodies of the drowned, for the medical treatment of the sick and injured, and for the burial of the dead, shall be repaid by the British Government to that of Corea.
3. The British Government shall not be responsible for the repayment of the expenses incurred in the recovery or preservation of a wrecked vessel or the property belonging to her. All such expenses shall be a charge upon the property saved, and shall be paid by the parties interested therein upon receiving delivery of the same.
4. No charge shall be made by the Government of Corea for the expenses of the Government officers, local functionaries, or police who shall proceed to the wreck, for the travelling expenses of officers escorting the shipwrecked men, nor for the expenses of official correspondence. Such expenses shall be borne by the Corean Government.
5. Any British merchant-ship compelled by stress of weather, or by want of fuel or provisions, to enter an unopened port in Corea shall be allowed to execute repairs and to obtain necessary supplies. All such expenses shall be defrayed by the master of the vessel.

This Article contains the conditions of the Agreement relating to shipwrecks made by Great Britain with Japan in 1879, which was based on Conventions concluded with other Powers on the same subject. The German Government having attached importance to the acceptance by the Corean Government of the Salvage Rules of the Chinese Government of 1876, I was prepared with Herr Zappe to add a clause stipulating for the adoption and promulgation of these Rules in Corea, when we were met by the assurance of the Corean Plenipotentiary that they had already been published, and he subsequently furnished is with an official copy of the Decree. I can only hope that they will prove of more value in Corea than in China, where they have not been observed. The execution of their conditions, however, will be secured by the faithful fulfilment of the provisions of this Article.

ARTICLE VIII

1. The ships of war of each country shall be at liberty to visit all the ports of the other. They shall enjoy every facility for procuring supplies of all kinds or for making repairs, and shall not be subject to Trade or Harbour Regulations, nor be liable to the payment of duties or port charges of any kind.
2. When British ships of war visit unopened ports in Corea, the officers and men may land, but shall not proceed in the interior unless they are provided with passports.
3. Supplies of all kinds for the use of the British navy may be landed at the open ports of Corea, and stored in the custody of a British officer, without the payment of any duty. But if any such supplies are sold the purchaser shall pay the proper duty to the Corean authorities.
4. The Corean Government will afford all the facilities in their power to ships belonging to the British Government which may be engaged in making surveys in Corean waters.

Secures, I think, to British ships of war and to their officers and crews every privilege or right that they enjoy elsewhere. It also provides that naval stores may be established at any of the open ports of Corea, and that the Corean Government shall facilitate, as far as lies in their power, the much-needed work of surveying in Corean waters.

ARTICLE IX

1. The British authorities and British subjects in Corea shall be allowed to employ Corean subjects as teachers, interpreters, servants, or in any other lawful capacity, without any restriction on the part of the Corean authorities; and, in like manner, no restrictions shall be placed upon the employment of British subjects by Corean authorities and subjects in any lawful capacity.
2. Subjects of either nationality who may proceed to the country of the other to study its language, literature, laws, arts, or industries, or for the purpose of scientific research, shall be afforded every reasonable facility for doing so.

Was thought by the Corean Plenipotentiary to be unnecessary, and it is open to the Corean Government to prove it to be so by loyal and liberal action. In view, however, of our limited experience of their disposition, Herr Zappe and myself considered it desirable to insert its provisions. The Article would possess material value in China even at the present date.

ARTICLE X

It is herby stipulated that the Government, public officers, and subjects of Her Britannic Majesty shall, from the day on which this Treaty comes into operation, participate in all privileges, immunities, and advantages, especially in relation to import or export duties on goods and manufactures, which shall then have been granted, or may thereafter be granted, by His Majesty the King of Corea to the Government, public officers, or subjects of any other Power.

I have already fully considered the terms of this Article in my despatches No. 42 of the 6th and No. 46 of the 8th instant. It is an unconditional favoured-nation clause.

ARTICLE XI

Ten years from the date on which this Treaty shall come into operation, either of the High Contracting Parties may, on giving one year's previous notice to the other demand a revision of the Treaty or of the Tariff annexed thereto, with a view to the insertion therein, by mutual consent, of such modifications as experience shall prove to be desirable.

Provides that the Treaty and Tariff shall continue in operation for a term of ten years, when either or both may be modified, but only with the mutual consent of the Contracting Parties.

ARTICLE XII

1. This Treaty is drawn up in the English and Chinese languages, both of which versions have the same meaning, but it is hereby agreed that any difference which may arise as to interpretation shall be determined by reference to the English text.
2. For the present, all official communications addressed by the British authorities to those of Corea shall be accompanied by a translation into Chinese.

Secures the important provision, which was not conceded without difficulty, that the English version of this Treaty shall be the ruling text. The same condition is inserted in the German Treaty, which is drawn up in three languages, German, English, and Chinese.
HARRY S. PARKES

ARTICLE XIII

The present Treaty shall be ratified by Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Empress of India, and by His Majesty the King of Corea, under their hands and seals. The ratifications shall be exchanged at Hanyang (Söul) as soon as possible, or at latest within one year from the date of signature; and the Treaty, which shall be published by both Governments, shall come into operation on the day on which the ratifications are exchanged.

In witness whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries above named have signed the present Treaty, and have thereto affixed their seals.

색인어
이름
H.S. Parkes, Granville, HARRY S. PARKES, H.S. Parkes, Herr Zappe, Herr Zappe, Herr Zappe, HARRY S. PARKES
지명
Peking, Söul, Chemulpho, Jenchuan, Wönsan, Gensan, Pusan, Fusan, Yanghwachin, Yanghwachin, Han River, Söul, Hanyang, Yanghwachin, Pusan, Yanghwachin, Mapu, Pusan, Pusan, Masanpo, Naktong River, Pusan, Pusan, Pusan, Masanpo, Pusan, Pusan, Pusan, Masanpo, Pusan, Hanyang, Söul
관서
Hong Kong Chamber of Commerce, British Court, British Court, Hong Kong Chamber of Commerce, Hong Kong Chamber of Commerce
사건
Treaty between Great Britain and Corea, signed at Söul, November 26, 1883, Admiral Willes’ Treaty, Admiral Willes’ Treaty, Admiral Willes’ Treaty, Admiral Willes’ Treaty
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2차 조영조약의 조항별 분석 보고 자료번호 : gk.d_0007_1970