Shufeldt의 청국 해군 임용 실패와 조미조약에 대한 청국 태도 보고
제1차 조약 체결 과정
Granville (received 7. 22)
No. 18 Confidential
Tientsin
May 12, 1882
My Lord,
I closed the foregoing Despatch with a reference to an understanding between the United States and China on the subject of Corea.
Commodore Shufeldt, as I have before reported, returned to this country in the course of last year ostensibly as Naval Attache to the United States Legation. He had been in China many years ago. When I first knew him in 1867, more particularly, he was engaged in examining the coast of Corea. He was again out here during the visit of General Grant, who was always spoken of as one of his Chief supporters, and it was rumoured that in return for the mediation with Japan promised by General Grant in the matter of Lewchew, a promise was given by the Grand Secretary Li, that Commodore Shufeldt should be created a sort of administrator-in-chief of the Chinese Navy now in process of formation.
It is not improbable that something of the kind was promised. China was not only irritated by the absorption of her dependency by Japan, but I think strongly impressed with a belief that Japan contemplated further acts of aggression. Though not regularly Minister for war, the Grand Secretary Li was the official on whose shoulders the responsibility of securing the empire against war with any power beyond sea was more especially laid, and believing as firmly as anyone in the hostility of Japan, not perhaps unassisted by European allies, he was turning in all directions for help. The American Navy was already supplying him with an officer to form a Torpedo service. He is still here. Two Commandants of the French Navy were engaged in 1879-80 at very liberal salaries; also believing themselves to be Directors General of Chinese Marine. One of these, disgusted at finding that there is really nothing for him to do, has retired. That Commodore Shufeldt was also promised employment is hardly to be doubted, but I am assured by a person who should know, that he never did receive from the Grand Secretary any promise such a position as he returned to China to hold. And this is very possibly true. The Agents through whom communications between the Commodore and the Grand Secretary are stated to have passed not improbably misled the Commodore, and my informant further states that when he, the Commodore, required as the condition of his acceptance of Office the establishment of a sort of Board of Admiralty of which he was to be the direct Agent in Chief, this proposal was negatived by the Grand Secretary.
Be all this as it may, Commodore Shufeldt is a bitterly disappointed man, and his wrath with the Chinese will account for the angry Letter of which I sent Your Lordship a rough copy some weeks ago.
This Letter has now been printed with some modifications which can hardly be taken to improve it. I inclose copy of it taken from a local paper.
Meanwhile the Chinese have been made aware of his feeling towards them, and it is impart to their desire to propitiate him, and his countrymen, that both the Central Government and the Grand Secretary have shown comparative alacrity in furthering his wishes as far as Corea is concerned. There are, it must be admitted, other reasons. They feel that they owe America, that is General Grant, something far friendly intervention in 1879. They imagine and perhaps with justice, that the Americans are likely to grant easier terms to Corea than any other Western Power, and they hope that what one western Power accepts may be accepted by all. Lastly I think they have at length convinced themselves that it is only by opening her ports that Corea will secure her independence.
As regards this, their fear of the intentions of Russia and Japan, which may be described as chronic, has I doubt not been stimulated by the proceedings of the French in Tonquin.
I have, &c.
Thomas Francis Wade
No. 18 Confidential
Tientsin
May 12, 1882
My Lord,
I closed the foregoing Despatch with a reference to an understanding between the United States and China on the subject of Corea.
Commodore Shufeldt, as I have before reported, returned to this country in the course of last year ostensibly as Naval Attache to the United States Legation. He had been in China many years ago. When I first knew him in 1867, more particularly, he was engaged in examining the coast of Corea. He was again out here during the visit of General Grant, who was always spoken of as one of his Chief supporters, and it was rumoured that in return for the mediation with Japan promised by General Grant in the matter of Lewchew, a promise was given by the Grand Secretary Li, that Commodore Shufeldt should be created a sort of administrator-in-chief of the Chinese Navy now in process of formation.
It is not improbable that something of the kind was promised. China was not only irritated by the absorption of her dependency by Japan, but I think strongly impressed with a belief that Japan contemplated further acts of aggression. Though not regularly Minister for war, the Grand Secretary Li was the official on whose shoulders the responsibility of securing the empire against war with any power beyond sea was more especially laid, and believing as firmly as anyone in the hostility of Japan, not perhaps unassisted by European allies, he was turning in all directions for help. The American Navy was already supplying him with an officer to form a Torpedo service. He is still here. Two Commandants of the French Navy were engaged in 1879-80 at very liberal salaries; also believing themselves to be Directors General of Chinese Marine. One of these, disgusted at finding that there is really nothing for him to do, has retired. That Commodore Shufeldt was also promised employment is hardly to be doubted, but I am assured by a person who should know, that he never did receive from the Grand Secretary any promise such a position as he returned to China to hold. And this is very possibly true. The Agents through whom communications between the Commodore and the Grand Secretary are stated to have passed not improbably misled the Commodore, and my informant further states that when he, the Commodore, required as the condition of his acceptance of Office the establishment of a sort of Board of Admiralty of which he was to be the direct Agent in Chief, this proposal was negatived by the Grand Secretary.
Be all this as it may, Commodore Shufeldt is a bitterly disappointed man, and his wrath with the Chinese will account for the angry Letter of which I sent Your Lordship a rough copy some weeks ago.
This Letter has now been printed with some modifications which can hardly be taken to improve it. I inclose copy of it taken from a local paper.
Meanwhile the Chinese have been made aware of his feeling towards them, and it is impart to their desire to propitiate him, and his countrymen, that both the Central Government and the Grand Secretary have shown comparative alacrity in furthering his wishes as far as Corea is concerned. There are, it must be admitted, other reasons. They feel that they owe America, that is General Grant, something far friendly intervention in 1879. They imagine and perhaps with justice, that the Americans are likely to grant easier terms to Corea than any other Western Power, and they hope that what one western Power accepts may be accepted by all. Lastly I think they have at length convinced themselves that it is only by opening her ports that Corea will secure her independence.
As regards this, their fear of the intentions of Russia and Japan, which may be described as chronic, has I doubt not been stimulated by the proceedings of the French in Tonquin.
I have, &c.
Thomas Francis Wade
색인어
- 이름
- Granville, Shufeldt, Li, Shufeldt, Li, Shufeldt, Thomas Francis Wade
- 지명
- Tientsin, Lewchew, Tonquin
- 관서
- the United States Legation, the Chinese Navy, The American Navy, the French Navy, Board of Admiralty